以豆丁海馬作為吸引水肺潛水之觀光資源：現況與問題

The Pygmy Seahorse as Tourism Resource to Attract SCUBA Divers: Current Situation and Impacts

10.6607/BTSU.2014.5.3

許澤宇(Che-Yu Hsui)；陳儒賢(Lu-Hsien Chen)；張嘉栢(Chia-Po Chang)

永續 ； 豆丁海馬 ； 觀光資源 ； 行銷 ； 衝突 ； Sustainable ； Pygmy seahorse ； Tourism resources ； Promotion ； Conflict

台灣首府大學學報

5期（2014 / 11 / 01）

45 - 60

繁體中文

豆丁海馬，由於具外型可愛、族群稀少以及隱密不易看見等特質，在過去幾年曾是南台灣墾丁潛水界之明星物種，亦是墾丁國家公園管理處引以為傲而大力行銷曝光之物種。然不過幾年之光景，卻已發生豆丁海馬由於密集遊憩水肺潛水所致之壓力而於其棲地銷聲匿跡，甚或發生被盜之憾事。本研究採質性研究之方式，以豆丁海馬為個案探究的對象，利用文獻分析及田野調查等方式，以突顯海洋資源與觀光活動間所呈現之關係以及觀光資源利用之盲點。研究結果顯示，以豆丁海馬作為吸引力所吸引之水肺潛水客主要為喜愛水下攝影之族群，而在其潛水觀賞豆丁海馬之際所可能導致之衝擊如下：一為對棲地之珊瑚造成破壞，此乃由於豆丁海馬之身形較小，潛水客為看清楚勢必接近海馬，加上豆丁海馬棲息之場域常伴隨強勁海流，因此若中性浮力控制不佳將導致珊瑚損害；二為對物種之影響，此乃因海馬之棲地屬水深較深處，當光線不足時常需以輔助光源協助觀賞，此外為拍攝好的照片，閃光燈之使用變得不可避免，若密集使用，此光害對海馬之影響應予重視。最後本研究比較國內、外在此等海洋觀光資源之經營管理作為，並提供國外現行做法以供國內操作此等物種之觀光參考。

Pygmy seahorse, one of the most popular species for divers in southern Taiwan, was the major attraction promoted and marketed by Kenting national park because of its appearance, rarity, and mystery. However, only a few years pygmy seahorse were nearly disappeared owing to intensive recreational diving in their habitat, or illegally stolen by SCUBA divers. This study aims to investigate the interaction among marine resources and recreational activities; the mistaken view of marine resources was discussed as well. The results indicated that the relationship between pygmy seahorse in Kenting and marine recreational activities were prone to confliction instead of mutually symbiosis. The potential impacts are as follows: first, marine recreational activities cause damage to the corals in habitats of pygmy seahorse. This is due to the pygmy seahorse is small, so the divers will extremely close to them for observing clearly. In addition, the strong ocean currents occur in the habitat of pygmy seahorse, therefore not skillful neutral buoyancy control will cause the coral damage. Second, marine recreational activities affect the target species. This is due to the habitat of pygmy seahorse is in a deep water. This environment is lack of sufficient light amount, therefore, the auxiliary light sources are always used to help divers observing. Moreover, the used of camera flash becomes inevitable for shooting great pictures. However, if the flash is intensively used, the effects of light pollution should be emphasized. Finally, this paper compares the domestic and foreign studies on management of such marine tourism resource, and provides current international practices as references for domestic marine tourism.