探索戰地觀光的旅遊動機與情緒體驗－以金門為例

Exploring Motivations and Emotions for Battlefield Tourism: A Case of Kinmen

10.6157/2015.7(1).3

林正士(Cheng-Shih Lin)；吳英偉(Ying-Wei Wu)；李忠榮(Chung-Jung Li)

黑暗觀光 ； 戰地觀光 ； 旅遊動機 ； 情緒體驗 ； 金門 ； Dark Tourism ； battlefield Tourism ； travel motivation ； emotional experience ； Kinmen

休閒與遊憩研究

7卷1期（2015 / 06 / 01）

93 - 140

繁體中文

金門自1992年解嚴以來，積極推動觀光，將最具特色的戰地觀光資源，例如古戰場、軍事營區、紀念館等，並透過空間活化來推廣戰地觀光。金門1995年成為全國第一座以維護戰地及人文史蹟為主的國家公園。金門戰地觀光以戰役遺跡、防禦廳舍及紀念館等不同方式呈現並吸引遊客，過去研究證實，遊客的特徵不同，會有不同的旅遊動機，產生多元的情緒體驗，再影響其對旅遊目的地的態度。因此，本研究從黑暗觀光的角度，探討遊客旅遊動機、情緒體驗感受之構面。本研究採用配額抽樣調查法，研究對象為臺灣來金遊客，依戰役遺跡、防禦廳舍及紀念館三類，遴選12處戰地觀光景點，在現場問卷發放，共計有效問卷441份。研究結果顯示，旅遊動機共萃取出「體驗戰地觀光新奇與特殊性之動機」、「感受戰爭對立與無情之動機」、「體驗戰爭真實性與了解歷史之動機」、「同理心與希望感之動機」、「媒體與交通之動機」及「個人懷舊與興趣之動機」等六個動機因素。情緒體驗萃取出「痛苦、震驚、遺憾與敬畏之情緒」、「厭惡、不安、淒涼及奇怪之情緒」、「歡樂、有趣好玩且放鬆之情緒」、「認同、激勵、感激並期待之情緒」、「珍惜、欣慰並感到驕傲之情緒」等五個因素，研究結果證實金門戰地黑暗觀光的動機和情緒是多構面且正負情緒並存。

Recently, Kinmen County Government has regenerated local tourism industry, repurposing of unused Military infrastructures into first National Park of R.O.C (Kinmen National Park, KMNP) for protecting battle heritage and history. Battlefield tourism in Kinmen represents at battlefield remains, infrastructures and monuments to attract tourists that must explode lots of visitors' motivations and produce multiple emotional experiences. This study adopts sampling survey, first, the survey members were well-trained before testing, the study selected 12 tourism spots in Kinmen to issue totally 450 questionnaires, which collected 441 questionnaires, to interview Taiwanese tourists. Abstracting the visitor's motivation, we can get 6 factors that are ＂Curiosity for experiencing battlefield tourism and distinctiveness＂, ＂Feel for merciless of war＂, ＂Experience of war reality and understanding history＂, ＂Empathy and hope＂, ＂Media and transportation＂ and ＂Personal nostalgia and interests＂. Abstracting the emotional experience, we can get 5 factors that are ＂Pain, shock, awe and a slight touch of sentiment＂, ＂Hatred, uneasy, misery and weird＂, ＂Pleasure, fun and relaxation＂, ＂identification, incentive, expectations and gratitude＂ and ＂Treasure, pleased and proud＂. The results show that tourists' have vary motivations and multiple emotions of Kinmen battlefield dark tourism.

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