零售商在部分信用交易下之最適經濟訂購政策

The Optimal Retailer's Ordering Policies with Partial Trade Credit Financing

林水泉(Shui-Chuan Lin)

經濟訂購策略 ； 零售商 ； 信用交易 ； 部分付款 ； EOQ ； Retailer ； Trade Credit ； Partial Trade Financing

萬能商學學報

20期（2015 / 07 / 01）

143 - 160

繁體中文

因為存貨的金額佔公司營運資金相當高的比例，所以如何協助企業訂定最佳存貨補充策略，做好存貨管理工作，就能間接增加公司的獲利能力。因此，相當多的學者致力於存貨模式的發展。傳統的經濟訂購量模式，為供應商將貨送至零售商時，零售商需將款項繳交給供應商，然而，現實社會中，供應商往往給與零售商一段固定付款期限，即為信用交易期限，此時零售商無需貸款融資。如此，零售商可以降低存貨資金的積壓，且產品於信用交易期限前被售出，可賺取機會成本。但是，當過了信用交易期限，零售商需擔負起比機會成本還高的資金積壓的利息成本。而供應商常以此延後付款策略來刺激零售商之需求，藉此增加其銷售量。Huang（2005）的研究，有關零售商在部分信用交易下的存貨模型建立並未接近於現實；另外，在延後付款的相關研究方面，一般而言，付款的方式有兩種，第一種付款方式：零售商保持銷售收入用在支付欠款以外的用途，如此意味著零售商將會全額貸款。第二種付款方式：零售商一有銷貨收入時便立即支付欠款，且不持有利潤，再對不足額部分進行貸款。因此，本研究以Huang（2005）的研究為基礎，針對Huang（2005）存貨模型建立未接近於現實部分提出改善，並推廣Teng et al.（2007）所發展新的存貨模型，以第二種付款方式來探討；然後參考Chung＆Lin（2009）標準求解程序分析以建立新的存貨模型，讓模型更接近於現實。建立「零售商訂購成本模型」，以提供零售商尋求成本極小化，並訂定出最佳訂購週期時間。最後，舉數值範例加以說明所得的結果。由結果顯示，當改變「每次訂購成本」及「供應商給予零售商的信用交易期間」時的影響性最大，可提供廠商決策時優先順序的參考。

Because inventory cost is a large proportion of the working capital for many companies, good inventory management by helping corporations to determine the optimal inventory replenishment policies can increase the ability of making profits indirectly. So many researchers were denoted to the development of inventory models. Under the traditional EOQ model assumes that the retailer must be paid for the items as soon as the items are received. However, in practice the supplier will offer the retailer a delay period, which is trade credit period, in paying for the amount of purchasing cost. Before the end of trade credit period, the retailer can sell the goods and accumulate revenue and earn interest. A higher interest is charged if the payment is not settled by the end of trade credit period. In real world, the supplier often makes use of this policy to promote their commodities. Huang (2005) explored the inventory model with retailer partial trade credit policy in supply chain under payment method 1. But, Huang (2005) has some shortcomings can be overcome. Therefore, this paper will aim shortcomings in Huang (2005) to overcome and generalize Teng et al. (2007) and Chung＆Lin (2009) to develop a new inventory model by considering trade credit policy and partial trade credit policy under payment method 2. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate all results discussed in this article. From the results, the effect is highest when ordering cost per order and the trade credit period in year changed.