题名 |
南管音樂門頭探索(一)-從知見曲目探索明刊本中帶【北】字門頭曲目的轉化 |
并列篇名 |
An Exploration on Tune-Families of Nanguan Music (Ⅰ)-The Transformation of 'Pak-' Tune-Families in Survived Ming Editions |
DOI |
10.29873/GMJ.200706.0001 |
作者 |
林珀姬(Po-Chi Lin) |
关键词 |
門頭 ; 北調 ; 錦板 ; 柳搖金 ; 北青陽 ; 移宮轉調 ; Tune-Family ; Pak-Tiau ; Gim-Pan ; Liu-Iau-Kim ; Pak-Chhieng-Iong ; transposition of mode systems |
期刊名称 |
關渡音樂學刊 |
卷期/出版年月 |
6期(2007 / 06 / 01) |
页次 |
1 - 41 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
南管音樂門頭中的【北調】或稱【錦板】,老樂人之間,也存在另一種說法-【北調】就是【百調】,此二詞彙泉腔音近;稱爲【北調】,可能意指此類門頭中的曲目,來自北方的曲調,舉世聞名的漢學家龍彼得教授就持此論調。稱爲【百調】,意則指此類門頭中的曲目,曲韻變化多端,各有特色。而從手抄本中可發現【北調】曲目真是一個龐大的門頭系統,許多流行的名曲都是隸屬於【北調】,如〈四朝元•遠望鄉里〉、〈四朝元•打疊行李〉、〈聽見杜鵑〉、〈冬天寒〉、〈一路安然〉、〈相思北•輾轉亂方寸〉、〈愁人怨〉、〈特來報喜〉、〈鼓返五更〉、〈心內懶悶〉、〈四朝元•形影相隨〉、〈白雲飄渺〉、〈千叮萬囑〉、〈大展雙眉〉、〈風濃北•心中悲怨〉、〈點點催更〉、〈因趕白兔〉、〈汝聽咱〉、〈金錢北•赤壁上〉〈皀雲北•迫勒阮身)…等等,眾多常被演唱的【北調】曲目,說明了南管樂人對此類門頭的喜愛;而【北調】門頭下眾多不同的牌名,則是由韻變化的因素之一。筆者在學習過程中,發現了南管音樂中,帶有【北】字門頭,如【北調】、【二調北】、【寡北】、【金錢北】、【北青陽】,以及未帶有【北】字的【柳搖金】等,其管門不論是四空管、五空管、五六四(特殊字元略)管,均以「不女尾」收尾;另外如【北相思】、【北地錦】、【駐雲飛】、【野風餐】等等,這些門頭的曲目,雖不用「不女尾」收尾,也存在某些類似的曲韻,足以說明它們之問,應有些關連性存在?值得一探究竟。從龍彼得輯錄之《明刊閩南戲曲弦管選本三種》(以下簡稱《明刊三種》,大約是明萬曆年間,17世紀初期的刊本),與其論文《明刊戲曲弦管選集》其中帶有【北】字門頭曲目,根據龍彼得的研究,尚有18首見於現今曲簿中,但只有8首與現在的【北調】或稱【錦板】相同,部分曲目門頭分別屬於【北青陽】、【柳搖金】、【三腳潮】……等等門頭,對其中的轉變,龍彼得有些懷疑,但筆者肯定其中確實存在著一些微妙的關係。因此,本文擬從《明刊三種》開始,透過《袖珍道光指譜》(1846)與《文煥堂指譜》(1857),以及台灣手抄本等比對、分析,並從實際的唱奏中,試圖找出其中之關連。 |
英文摘要 |
The Pak-Tiau (北調) Tune-Family (門頭) of Nanguan music, also named Kin-Pan (錦板), are known as Pa-Tiau (百調) among elder musicians. The name Pak- Tiau might mean the repertoire of this Tune-Family came from the North (北), as Piet van der Loon argued. The name Pa-Tiau connotes its rich repertoire comprises hundreds of (百) tunes. From available manuscripts, we learn the Pak-Tiau is a rather huge Tune-Family system, under which many popular tunes are categorized. The following famous Pak-Tiau tunes were performed very often and proved themselves the favorite ofNanguan musicians: 'Si-Tiau-Goan•Oan-Bong-HiuN-Li' (四朝元•遠望鄉里), 'Si-Tiau-Goan•Ta-Tiap-Heng-Li' (四朝元•打疊行李), 'ThiaN-KiN-To-Koan' (聽見杜鵑), 'Tang-ThiN-KoaN' (冬天寒), 'Chit-Lo-An-Jian' (一路安然), 'SiuN-Si-Pak•Tian-Choan-Loan-Hong-Chhun' (相思北•輾轉亂方寸), 'Chhiu-Jin-Oan' (愁人怨), 'Tiet-Lai-Po-Hi' (特來報喜), 'Ko-Hoan-Go-KiN' (鼓返五更), 'Sim-Lai-Lan-Bun' (心內懶悶), 'Si-Tiau-Goan•Hieng-IaN-SaN-Sui' (四朝元•形影相隨), 'Pieh-Hun-Phiau-Biau' (白雲飄渺), 'ChhuiN-Tieng-Ban-Chiok' (千叮萬囑), 'Tai-Tian-Song-Bi' (大展雙眉), 'Hong-Sian-Pak•Sim-Tng-Pi-Goan' (風灑北•心中悲怨), 'Tiam-Tiam-Chhui-KiN' (點點催更), 'In-KoaN-Peh-Tho' (因趕白兔), 'Lir-ThiaN-Chan' (汝聽咱), 'Kim-ChiN-Pak•Chhiak-Phiak-Siong' (金錢北•赤壁上), 'Cho-Hun-Pak•Piek-Liak-Goan-Sin' (皀雲北•迫勒阮身), etc. The many subordinate tunes (牌名) under this category had contributed to the Tune-Family's rich repertoire.The author has found that the tunes of the following Tune-Families all end with 'M-Lir' (不女尾), regardless of their modes-those with –Pak-in their names: ”Pak-Tiau” (北調), ”Ji-Tiau-Pak” (二調北), ”Koa-Pak” (寡北), ”Kim-ChiN-Pak” (金錢北), ”Pak-Chhieng-Iong” (北青陽), and one Tune-Family without -Pak- in the name: ”Liu-Iau-Kim” (柳搖金). On the other hand, though some Tune-Families, such as ”Pak-SiuN-Si” (北相思), ”Pak-Te-Gim” (北地錦), ”Cho-Hun-Hui” (駐雲飛), ”Ia-Hong-Chhan” (野風餐), do not end the tunes with M-Lir, their similarities with the above Pak-Tiau Tune-Families have proved their close relations.According to Piet van der Loon's The Classical Theatre and Art Song of South Fukien: A Study of Three Ming Anthologies, ('Three Ming Anthologies' hereafter) and his thesis, 'Ming Anthology of Classical Theatre and Art Song' (明刊戲曲弦管選集), there are 18 Pak-Tune-Families survived till today, but only eight of them are the same with the current Pak-Tiau, while the rest belong to ”Pak-Chhieng-Iong” (北青陽), ”Liu-Iau-Kim” (柳搖金), and ”SaN-Kha-Tio” (三腳潮), etc. He was somewhat uncertain about these Tune-Families' transformative Inter-Relations, however, the author is positive of the existence of some subtle relations among them. Starting from Three Ming Anthologies, through the comparison with Miniature Taokuang ChuiN-Pho Manuscript (袖珍寫本道光指譜) (1846), Ching Woodcut Wenhoantang ChuiN-Pho Manuscript (清刻本文煥堂指譜) (1857), manuscripts found in Taiwan, and performance practice, the author will try to prove the relations among these Tune-Families. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
藝術 |
参考文献 |
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被引用次数 |