聆聽古典音樂與工作記憶及壓力／放鬆情境於大學生腦波反應之研究

The Effects of Classical Music Listening and Working Memory on Brainwaves for Undergraduate Students

何翊嘉(Ho, Yi-Chia)；莊惠君(Chuang, Wuei-Chun)；呂靜宜(Lu, Ching-I)

腦波 ； 古典音樂聆聽 ； 工作記憶 ； brainwaves ； classical music listening ； working memory

關渡音樂學刊

38期（2024 / 09 / 01）

83 - 127

繁體中文;英文

本研究旨在探討有無工作記憶情境的影響下，大學生聆聽古典音樂是否能提升其腦波α波達到放鬆的感受。本研究採準實驗研究，研究者挑選5首古典音樂，以10位音樂系與10位非音樂系的學生為研究對象，以腦波耳機蒐集受試者分別於有無工作記憶情境之下、以及有無聆聽音樂時腦波放鬆的α值和專注的β值情形，根據本研究結果提出以下結論：1）腦波容易受到身體狀況影響，但工作記憶的刺激會提升受試者β能量值。2）無論是否有工作記憶的刺激，音樂系學生聆聽音樂的α值比非音樂系學生高。3）腦波α值最高點通常位於樂曲的樂段結束、出現終止式、出現長音時以及樂曲最高潮結束後。4）工作記憶後，有聆聽古典音樂的α值會上升，且較迅速恢復到基礎線；β能量值下降的程度則以沒有聽音樂的下降程度較大。5）聆聽古典音樂的真實生理放鬆反應，與認知放鬆感覺非常不一樣，亦即實際生理上的放鬆數據，高於個人認知的放鬆感覺。最後，本研究根據結果提供音樂工作者、未來研究與音樂聆聽者音樂與腦波之相關建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether listening to classical music could enhance alpha brainwaves and relaxing mood either after the working memory condition or not. According to the results and discussion, conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) Physical conditions may affect brainwaves. The values of beta brainwave may increase after working memory conditions. 2) For music-majored students, the level of their alpha brainwaves is higher than those non music-majored, no matter if they were after the working memory condition or not. 3) The alpha brainwave usually reaches the climax at the end of the music with the cadence, or right after an intensive music phrase. 4) After working memory conditions. Listening to classical music will increase listeners' alpha brainwave and quickly back to the values of baseline. On the other hand, beta brainwave would decrease more while subjects were not listening to classical music. 5) There exist differences between music listeners' physiological relaxation responses and cognition relaxation feelings to the music; the former is more than the latter. Finally, many suggestions related to music listening and brainwaves were given to musicians, researchers, and music listeners.