休閒潛水意外事件防範之芻議

Suggestions for Preventing Accidents in Recreational Diving

林秉毅(Ping-I, Lin)

休閒潛水 ； 水域意外 ； 行為因素 ； Recreational diving ； aquatic accidents ； behavioral factors

休閒觀光與運動健康學報

14卷2期（2024 / 07 / 31）

1 - 12

繁體中文;英文

臺灣的潛水環境可說相當豐富，對於發展潛水活動來說是一大誘因與優勢。結合政府「向海致敬」政策，海域活動盛起，透過專業的海洋環境辨識能力、海底專業知識認知、自我安全防護等，才可在安全的情況下與海洋為伍。本研究認為休閒潛水所產生的風險相當多樣化，故透過彙整專業潛水教練避免休閒潛水意外事件之觀點，反覆挖掘出各類危險因子。研究方法利用立意抽樣抽出10位針對臺灣各地潛水點專業教練進行訪談，並以逐字稿形式進行彙整，透過三角檢證降低研究者對研究資料過度的主觀詮釋與推論。整體而言，分析專業潛水教練訪談的文本，以行為因素佔66.7%、環境因素佔13.6%、健康因素佔12.1%、裝備因素佔7.6%，是減低水域安全風險策略的重要分類範疇。因此，本研究認為從行為因素切入，從遵循潛水教練的專業解說注意事項，避免事前做潛水禁忌事項，訓練課程中要能與學員互相交流，詢問每一部分是否聽明白且理解，最後在實際下水前，還要針對裝備、環境、地理位置、緊急措施，一一為學員進行介紹與輔導，讓學員能有自我保護的能力，降低發生意外機會。建議未來在一般學術科的訓練或是實際潛水的場域中，可多多辦理講座宣導，讓國民更認知風險的重要性，並選擇具有完整培育機制的單位，從行為養成與教育模式，逐步建構一個親水且注重水域安全的防護網絡。

Taiwan's diving environment is notably rich, offering a significant attraction and advantage for the development of diving activities. Combined with the government's "Salute to the Sea" policy, maritime activities have flourished. Safe participation in marine environments requires professional recognition of marine environments, knowledge of underwater expertise, and self-protection. This study suggests that the risks associated with recreational diving are diverse, thus compiling perspectives from professional diving instructors to avoid accidents in recreational diving, identifying various risk factors through in-depth exploration. The research method involved purposive sampling of 10 professional instructors from various diving sites across Taiwan for interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. Triangulation was used to minimize the researcher's subjective interpretation and inference of the data. Overall, analysis of the interviews with professional diving instructors revealed that behavioral factors accounted for 66.7%, environmental factors 13.6%, health factors 12.1%, and equipment factors 7.6%, highlighting important categories for reducing water safety risks. Therefore, the study believes that starting with behavioral factors, following the professional explanations of diving instructors, avoiding pre-diving taboos, ensuring communication during training sessions, and understanding every part before actually diving are crucial. Introducing and advising on equipment, environment, geographic location, and emergency measures before diving are essential to empower divers with self-protection and reduce the chance of accidents. It is recommended that future academic training or practical diving venues hold more lectures to raise awareness of the importance of risk and choose organizations with comprehensive training mechanisms to gradually build a water-friendly and safety-focused protective network.