關中方言〔pf-〕組聲母音韻演變途徑再議

Reconsideration of Phonological Evolution Pathways of Guanzhong Dialect [pf-] Initial Consonants

游喬茵(Yu, Chiao-yin)

關中方言〔pf-〕組聲母 ； 幫系 ； 知系 ； 莊系 ； 章系 ； Guanzhong dialect [pf-] initial consonants ； Bang series ； Zhi series ； Zhuang series ； Zhang series

聲韻論叢

32輯（2024 / 06 / 01）

33 - 62

繁體中文;英文

本文透過關中方言內部分中古幫系字、知莊章三系今讀為［pf-］組聲母的情況作為考察主題，藉由20世紀初期白滌洲的方音調查，以及近年出版的《陝西方言集成》作為主要語料，嘗試以更豐富的語音調查結果，建立關中方言語音規則對應，梳理音變規則以及其產生時代。本文認為關中方言知莊章系音變的起始點，乃〔u〕的合口徵性為促發音變的關鍵，當關中方言幫組字與知莊章系必須存在兩組以上的音位對立，卻共同具備〔u〕此一項促成脣齒塞擦音產生的條件，故於東府片的幫組讀〔p-〕組，而知莊章三系字部分讀為〔pf-〕組聲母時，西府片的幫組字由於部分已脣齒塞擦化讀為〔pf-〕組，是以知莊章三系無法再出現〔pf-〕組讀法，其語音的改變首先發生於圓唇徵性，進一步影響到聲母的讀法走向舌尖化。本文主張關中方言〔pf-〕組聲母的起源，應是元明以後逐漸形成的讀法，與非系字讀為〔f-〕組、知莊章組的合流以及捲舌音的產生時間點密切相關。同屬中原官話汾河片且與關中東府片毗鄰的山西臨汾話中，亦出現知莊章三系讀〔pf-〕的情況，且為一種白讀的讀法。故關中方言知莊章三系讀〔pf-〕此類型的聲母演變，主要存在於中原官話汾河片的白讀層。

This article investigates the phenomenon in which Middle Chinese initial consonants of the Bang (幫) series and the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang (知莊章) series are pronounced [pf-] in the Guanzhong dialect. Drawing on Bai Dizhou's dialect research and a more recent compendium called Shaanxi Fangyan Jicheng, this study tries to establish phonetic rules in the Guanzhong dialect, elucidate patterns of phonetic change, and trace their historical development. The writer agrees that the starting point of the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series' phonetic change in the Guanzhong dialect could be caused by the rounded feature of [u]. However, in the Guanzhong dialect, the Bang and Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series must have two or more phonemic contrasts, but share the condition of [u], which contributes to the production of voiceless labiodental affricates. When the Bang series in the Dongfu dialect is pronounced [p-], and part of the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series is pronounced [pf-], the Bang series in the Xifu dialect starts to be pronounced as [pf-] due to part of this series becoming voiceless labiodental affricates. Thus, the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series is unable to be pronounced [pf-]. This phonetic change primarily originates from labial characteristics, subsequently influencing the pronunciation of initial consonants toward alveolar endings. This article advocates that the origin of the [pf-] initial may have gradually formed after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and the time it formed also had a close relationship with the Fei (非) series, which is pronounced [f-], the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series, as well as the appearance of retroflex consonants. Similar [pf-] pronunciations for the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series are found in Shanxi's Linfen dialect, which belongs to the Fenhe dialect of Central Plains Mandarin, and is adjacent to the Guanzhong Dongfu dialect. These represent a type of colloquial pronunciation. In conclusion, the evolution of initial consonants of the Zhi-Zhuang-Zhang series, pronounced [pf-] in the Guanzhong dialect, mainly exists in the colloquial strata of the Fenhe dialect of Central Plains Mandarin.