重建原始沿海閩語*a韻腹的陽聲韻及入聲韻－兼論莆仙閩語在沿海閩語中的位置

Reconstruction of Proto-Coastal Min Rhymes with Vocalic *a and Consonantal Codas: Its Implications on the Position of the Pu-Xian Cluster within Coastal Min

郭必之(Kwok, Bit-Chee)

沿海閩語 ； *a韻腹 ； 陽聲韻 ； 入聲韻 ； 莆仙閩語 ； Coastal Min ； vocalic *a ； rhymes with nasal codas ； rhymes with stop codas ； Pu-Xian Min

聲韻論叢

32輯（2024 / 06 / 01）

63 - 94

繁體中文;英文

原始沿海閩語是指各種沿海閩語方言（包括閩南片、閩東片及莆仙片）通過比較法構擬出來的共同祖先。本文在原始閩南語及原始閩東語的基礎上，對原始沿海閩語*a韻腹的陽聲韻及入聲韻進行了構擬，涉及十八個韻母（陽聲韻及入聲韻各佔一半），一共四十多個例子。文章指出：閩東片方言尤其是寧德虎浿話對構擬有重要的作用，因為它們保留了較多音位對立；至於閩南片和莆仙片則都出現了韻尾弱化、甚至丟失的現象。另一方面，接齒齦音韻尾時，兩片方言的韻腹都會出現裂化變成／ua／。這兩項音韻上的創新暗示閩南片和莆仙片在沿海閩語譜系樹上有較接近的關係（和閩東片較疏遠）。我們認為原始沿海閩語的*a是個長元音。

Proto-Coastal Min ('PCM') refers to the putative ancestral language of all modern Coastal Min dialects, including Southern Min, Eastern Min and Pu-Xian Min. Based on the established Proto-Southern Min and Proto-Eastern Min sound systems, attempts have been made in this paper to reconstruct 18 PCM rhymes with vocalic *a and consonantal codas (nasal codas and stop codas), covering more than 40 examples. It is found that the Hubei dialect of Eastern Min, which keeps more early phonemic distinctions than other members of the group, is of particular importance in the reconstruction of PCM. On the other hand, weakening or even loss of codas have been witnessed in Southern and Pu-Xian Min. We also observe within these two groups the occurrence of vowel breaking, namely, *-a > -ua, before dental codas. These phonological innovations suggest that Southern Min and Pu-Xian Min have a closer relationship than Eastern Min within the Coastal Min group. Finally, we argue that PCM *a is a long vowel.