感覺整合發展對發展遲緩兒童粗大動作品質表現之影響

The Role of Sensory Integration in Gross Motor Quality in Children with Developmental Delay

10.6217/SEQ.201912_(153).35-48

張茹茵(Ju-Ying Chang)

發展遲緩兒童 ； 感覺發展 ； 粗大動作品質 ； developmental delay ； sensory integration ； gross motor quality

特殊教育季刊

153期（2019 / 12 / 01）

35 - 47

繁體中文

本研究探討發展遲緩兒童感覺整合發展與粗大動作品質表現、感覺整合發展分群趨勢及不同分群粗大動作品質表現差異，瞭解各分群感覺整合發展與粗大動作品質間相關性。共82位發展遲緩兒童完成幼兒感覺發展檢核表及學前兒童粗大動作品質量表評量。運用描述性統計、感覺整合發展分數做二階段集群分析，得二個最佳集群分組；以曼惠二氏U檢定法檢驗不同集群粗大動作品質差異、皮爾森相關分析檢驗各集群感覺整合發展與粗大動作品質關係。結果顯示：一、發展遲緩兒童感覺整合發展約有四成落於失常範圍，粗大動作品質約有五成處發展遲緩範圍；二、感覺整合發展可分常態發展與發展失常二集群，常態發展群之粗大動作品質顯著較發展失常群佳；三、發展失常群部分粗大動作品質與感覺整合發展相關，常態發展群之粗大動作品質與感覺整合發展表現未見相關性。綜而言之，本研究探析發展遲緩兒童感覺整合發展分群，並建議對感覺整合發展失常者進行適當感覺發展訓練，以有助於粗大動作品質表現。

The purpose of this study were to understand sensory integration and gross-motor quality in the children with developmental delay (DD), to investigate whether clusters of sensory integration could be identified, and to demonstrate the characteristics of clusters. A total of 82 of children with DD completed the Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale (PGMQS) and the caregiver's ratings on the Sensory Integration (SI) Checklist were collected. Two-step cluster analysis was used to identify SI-based DD clusters based on standard scores of the SI Checklist. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare measures on PGMQS between two clusters, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to explore whether the characteristics of SI was associated with the gross motor quality. The results revealed that nearly 40% of the DD are classified as impaired SI, and more than 50% of the DD demonstrate delay in gross motor quality. A two-cluster model best fit the SI checklist dataset. One group indicated normal SI functioning, whereas the other demonstrated SI dysfunction. Group difference analyses showed that DD with normal SI functioning performed significantly better on gross motor quality. For the DD with SI dysfunction, significant relationships between SI Checklist and PFMQS were also found. It was concluded that appropriate SI interventions may help to improve gross motor quality for children with developmental delay.

1. Ayres, A. J.(1972).Sensory integration and learning disorders.Los Angeles, Calif:Western Psychological Services.
2. Baranek, G. T.,Boyd, B. A.,Poe, M. D.,David, F. J.,Watson, L. R.(2007).Hyperresponsive sensory patterns in young children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development.Americ an Journal of Mental Retardation,112(4),233-245.
3. Bar-Shalita, T.,Vatine, J. J.,Parush, S.(2008).Sensory modulation disorder: A risk factor for participation in daily life activities.Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology,50(12),932-937.
4. Bonifacci, P.(2004).Children with low motor ability have lower visual-motor integration ability but unaffected perceptual skills.Human Movement Science,23(2),157-168.
5. Bril, B.,Ledebt, A.(1998).Head coordination as a means to assist sensory integration in learning to walk.Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,22(4),555-563.
6. Bundy, A. C.,Shia, S.,Qi, L.,Miller, L. J.(2007).How does sensory processing dysfunction affect play?.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,61(2),201-208.
7. Bundy, A.,Lane, S.,Murray, E.,Fisher, A.(2002).Sensory integration: Theory and practice.Philadelphia, PA:F.A. Davis.
8. Demirci, A.,Kartal, M.(2016).The prevalence of developmental delay among children aged 3-60 months in Izmir, Turkey. Child: Care.Health and Development,42(2),213-219.
9. Fang, Y.,Wang, J.,Zhang, Y.,Qin, J.(2017).The relationship of motor coordination, visual perception, and executive function to the development of 4-6-year-old Chinese preschoolers' visual motor integration skills.BioMed Research International,2017,626-425.
10. Frankenburg, W. K.,Dodds, J.,Archer, P.,Shapiro, H.,Bresnick, B.(1992).The Denver II: A major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test.Pediatrics,89(1),91-97.
11. Gallahue, D.,Ozmun, J.,Goodway, J.(2012).Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
12. Geuze, R. H.(2003).Static balance and developmental coordination disorder.Human Movement Science,22(4-5),527-548.
13. Hertzog, D.,Cermak, S.,Bar-Shalita, T.(2019).Sensory modulation, physical activity and participation in daily occupations in young children.Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy,86(2),106-113.
14. Horak, F. B.,Shumway-Cook, A.,Crowe, T. K.,Black, F. O.(1988).Vestibular function and motor proficiency of children with impaired hearing, or with learning disability and motor impairments.Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology,30(1),64-79.
15. Kirk, M. A.,Rhodes, R. E.(2011).Motor skill interventions to improve fundamental movement skills of preschoolers with developmental delay.Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,28(3),210-232.
16. Kuo, H. T.,Muo, C. H.,Chang, Y. T.,Lin, C. K.(2015).Change in prevalence status for children with developmental delay in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective study.Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,11,1541-1547.
17. Leung, G. P.,Chan, C. C.,Chung, R. C.,Pang, M. Y.(2011).Determinants of activity and participation in preschoolers with developmental delay.Research in Developmental Disabilities,32(1),289-296.
18. Liu, T.(2013).Sensory processing and motor skill performance in elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder.Perceptual and Motor Skills,116(1),197-209.
19. Lopez, C.,Bachofner, C.,Mercier, M.,Blanke, O.(2009).Gravity and observer's body orientation influence the visual perception of human body postures.Journal of Vision,9(5),1.1-14.
20. Malamut, D.(2001).Vestibular therapy and ocular dysfunction in traumatic brain injury: A case study. Visual and Vestibular Consequences of Acquired Brain Injuries.Santa Ana, CA:Optometric Extension Program.
21. Nikoghosyan-Bossen, G.,Hoffmann, A. L.(2018).Diagnosis of developmental dyspraxia.Ugeskr Laeger,180(11),v 07170569.
22. Ottenbacher, K.(1983).Developmental implications of clinically applied vestibular stimulation.Physical Therapy,63(3),338-342.
23. Piek, J. P.,Dawson, L.,Smith, L. M.,Gasson, N.(2008).The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability.Human Movement Science,27(5),668-681.
24. Rine, R. M.(2009).Growing evidence for balance and vestibular problems in children.Audiological Medicine,7(3),138-142.
25. Solan, H. A.,Shelley-Tremblay, J.,Larson, S.(2007).Vestibular function, sensory integration, and balance anomalies: A brief literature review.Optometry and Vision Development,38(1),13.
26. Sun, S. H.,Zhu, Y. C.,Shih, C. L.,Lin, C. H.,Wu, S. K.(2010).Development and initial validation of the Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale.Research in Developmental Disabilities,31(6),1187-1196.
27. Tsai, C. L.,Wilson, P. H.,Wu, S. K.(2008).Role of visual-perceptual skills (non-motor) in children with developmental coordination disorder.Human Movement Science,27(4),649-664.
28. Werpup-Stuwe, L.,Petermann, F..Visual perceptual abilities of children with low motor abilities a pilot study.Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie,64(8),601-616.
29. Wuang, Y. P.,Wang, C. C.,Huang, M. H.,Su, C. Y.(2008).Profiles and cognitive predictors of motor functions among early school-age children with mild intellectual disabilities.Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,52(12),1048-1060.
30. Yaghini, O.,Kelishadi, R.,Keikha, M.,Niknam, N.,Sadeghi, S.,Najafpour, E.,Ghazavi, M.(2015).Prevalence of developmental delay in apparently normal preschool children in Isfahan,central Iran.Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,9(3),17-23.
31. 吳孟窈(2005)。臺南，國立成功大學。
32. 吳尚書(2010)。新竹，國立新竹教育大學。
33. 李月卿,鄭信雄(1996).幼兒感覺發展檢核表實施手冊.臺北:心理.
34. 洪藝純,林巾凱(2014)。感覺統合治療在發展性協調障礙兒童之介入成效。職能治療學會雜誌，32(1)，94-129。
35. 孫世恆,朱怡菁,林千惠,吳昇光(2013).學前兒童粗大動作品質量表.臺北:心理.
36. 曾美惠,陳姿蓉(2008).感覺處理能力剖析量表.臺北:中國行為科學社.
37. 劉雅茹(2011)。臺中，國立臺中教育大學。
38. 劉鶴珣(2007)。臺北，國立陽明大學。
39. 潘介玉(2014)。臺北，國立臺北護理健康大學。