共享控制及其對聽者語言教學之實務初探

Joint Control and Its Application to Teach Listener Skills

10.6217/SEQ.202206_(163).9-18

鳳華(Hua Feng)；孫文菊(Wen-Chu Sun)；于曉輝(Xiao-Hui Yu)

共享控制 ； 語言行為 ； 聽者 ； 基礎語言操作 ； joint control ； verbal behavior ； listener ； elementary verbal operant

特殊教育季刊

163期（2022 / 06 / 01）

9 - 17

繁體中文;英文

共享控制的概念是指人類的某種反應，是受控於兩種不同的基礎語言操作共同運作所產生的刺激控制現象。依據其概念定義，本文先參酌Skinner的語言行為介紹聽者與說者之意涵，並簡要說明基礎語言操作的意涵，及介紹兩種與共享控制有關的基礎語言操作。接著則說明共享控制的意涵及重要元素，並探究其在聽者命名的中介運作歷程。後續則介紹共享控制的實證研究及實務運用，特別對聽者命名或複雜排序方面有學習困難的學生，共享控制則提供一新的教學模式；本文末亦將說明特殊生接受共享控制訓練之教學程序及其用於聽者命名之成效，以茲提供實務工作者參酌運用。

Joint control means a verbal-operant topography, currently evoked by two jointly operant verbal stimulus. Based on this definition, this paper first introduces Skinner's verbal behavior, in terms of listener and speaker, and the elementary verbal operant. This is followed by the definition of joint control and a discussion of its important elements. The evidence-based research in joint control will also be briefly introduced. For those students who encounter difficulties in discrimination among objects/pictures, joint control provides a new training model. The last paragraph presents the training procedure on establishing joint control for students with special needs and the effect of joint control this training on the listener's labeling.

1. Ampuero, M. E.,Miklos, M.(2019).The effect of joint control training on the performance of multiply controlled behavior: A systematic literature review relevant to children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,35,149-171.
2. Causin, K. G.,Albert, K. M.,Carbone, V.,Sweeney-Kerwin, E. J.(2013).The role of joint control in teaching listener responding to children with autism and other developmental disabilities.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,7,997-1011.
3. Clough, C. W.,Meyer, C. S.,Miguel, C. F.(2016).The effects of blocking and joint control training on sequencing visual stimuli.Analysis of Verbal Behavior,32(2),242-264.
4. Cooper, J.,Heron, T.,Heward, W.(2007).Applied behavior analysis.Pearson.
5. DeGraaf, A.,Schlinger, H. D.(2012).The effects of joint control on the acquisition and durability of a sequencing task.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,28,59-71.
6. Gutierrez, R. D.(2006).The role of rehearsal in joint control.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,22,183-190.
7. Lowenkron, B.(2006).Joint control and the selection of stimuli from their description.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,22,129-151.
8. Lowenkron, B.(1991).Joint control and the generalization of selection-based verbal behavior.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,9,121-126.
9. Lowenkron, B.(1998).Some logical functions of joint control.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,69(3),327-354.
10. Lowenkron, B.(2004).Meaning: A verbal behavior account.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,20,77-97.
11. Lowenkron, B.(1984).Coding responses and the generalization of matching to sample in children.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,42,1-18.
12. Lowenkron, B.(1988).Generalization of delayed identity matching in retarded children.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,50,163-172.
13. Lowenkron, B.(1996).Joint control and word-object bi-directionality.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,65,252-255.
14. Lowenkron, B.,Colvin, V.(1992).Joint control and generalized non identity matching: Saying when something is not.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,10,1-10.
15. Schlinger, H. D.(2008).Listening is behaving verbally.The Behavior Analyst,31(2),145-161.
16. Sidener, D. W.,Michael, J.(2006).Generalization of relational matching to sample in children: A direct replication.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,22,171-182.
17. Skinner, B. F.(1957).Verbal behavior.Prentice-Hall.
18. Tu, J. C.(2006).The role of joint control in the manded selection responses of both vocal and non-vocal children with autism.The Analysis of Verbal Behavior,22,191-207.
19. 國家教育研究院（2000）。記憶廣度。教育大辭書，https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1308779/?index=7