獨居老人社會支持之初探－以屏東縣屏東市為例

Social support for older adults living alone in Pingtung City

10.6687/JSDS.202203_(29).0001

陳柯玫(Ke-Mei Chen)；許俊才(Kasirisir Kui)

社會支持 ； 獨居老人 ； 互助圈 ； social support ； older adults living alone ； circle

社會發展研究學刊

29期（2022 / 03 / 01）

1 - 33

繁體中文

社會支持會對獨居長者的身心健康造成影響，故建立一個以社區為基礎之在地社會支持網絡有其重要性。本研究旨在瞭解獨居長者社會支持現況，並檢視政府部門、社區組織或社福團體在社會支持中之角色，以作為政府或非營利組織在規劃、推廣獨居長者在地生活支持系統之參考。本研究採量化與質性混合之研究方法，量化資料蒐集是以屏東市列冊獨居長者作為研究對象，共計15位。質化資料蒐集則是透過3次個別訪談與2次焦點團體訪談來進行，前者訪談對象是列冊獨居長者，共訪談4位；後者包含屏東市里長和里幹事以及社區關懷據點幹部，共11位。主要研究發現為：1.情感性和工具性支持傾向由非正式支持系統提供，而訊息性支持仰賴正式支持系統。2.對家人與親友之情感性支持有高度需求。3.工具性支持來自家人或朋友，以無法解決的事情及突發事故的協助為主。4.在訊息性支持部分，獨居長者對於福利服務、休閒、醫療保健、經濟補助及住宅修繕等訊息需要的比例較高，對求職與活動訊息之需求性相對較低。5.社區組織或社福團體所扮演的社會支持角色主要為關懷者、危機通報者及諮詢與資源連結者。

Social support may have an effect on physical and psychological health of the older adults living alone. Thus, it is important to build a local social support system. The purpose of the study is to understand the social support of the older adults living alone and examine the roles of government and non-profit organizations in social support system in Pingtung city. The mixed-methods research is applied in the study. About the quantitative data collection, a total of 15 research participants who are the older adults living alone are assisted by Pingtung County Government. The qualitative data collection includes 3 individual interviews and 2 focus groups. The individual interviews include 4 older adults living alone. The focus groups include 11 government employees. The findings of the research are as follows: (a) the emotional and instrumental support is provided by the informal support system, while the information support relies on formal support system. (b) Regarding the emotional support, more than half of research participants have strong need for care from family members and trusted relatives and friends. (c) The instrumental support provision which focuses on unsolvable matters and emergencies mainly is from family members or friends. (d) About the information support, a high proportion of research participants have a need for welfare services, leisure, medical care, financial assistance, and housing repair, but have a low need for information about job seeking and activities. (e) The community and social welfare organizations provide social care, crisis reporting, consultation and resource linkage. Finally, policy suggestions are given for developing a local support system.

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