失智症家庭照顧者之照顧負荷與自我照顧策略

Caregiving burden and self-care strategies among family caregivers of people with dementia

10.6687/JSDS.202309_(32).0002

曾秀雲(Hsiu-Yun Tseng)；呂以榮(Yii-Rong Leu)；蔡佩樺(Pei-Hua Tsai)

失智 ； 失智照顧 ； 自我照顧 ； 家庭照顧者 ； 照顧負荷 ； caregiving burden ； dementia ； dementia care ； family caregiver ； self-care

社會發展研究學刊

32期（2023 / 09 / 01）

40 - 66

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的在於探討失智症家庭照顧者如何在面對沉重照顧負荷的同時，既善盡照顧職責，又可自我照顧以緩解照顧負荷帶來的負面影響。本研究立意取樣邀請8位輕度居家失智症家庭照顧者進行半結構深度訪談。研究發現：失智症家庭照顧者面對5大類照顧負荷，包括：與患者病徵有關之照顧負荷、家庭照顧者負荷覺察、家庭關係負荷、時間負荷與個人發展負荷。依此照顧負荷脈絡繼續剖析失智症家庭照顧者的自我照顧策略，本研究發現三項自我照顧策略：（一）失智症家庭照顧者首先傾向於運用自我增能策略，透過正式及非正式照顧資源的介入來降低與患者病徵有關的照顧負荷，以利紓壓與喘息；（二）基於家庭照顧者本身的照顧負荷覺察，延伸出的自我照顧策略則包括：轉換視角、堅持個人價值信念、照顧問題「去個人化」、創造喘息時間與空間、規劃財務；以及（三）建立社交與外部支持網絡。透過上述自我照顧策略，家庭照顧者得以平衡照顧負荷引起的負面影響，保存能量繼續執行照顧任務，間接提升身心健康與安適。最後，研究者依研究結論提出未來研究與實務建議。

This study aimed to describe the burden experienced by family caregivers supporting a person with dementia (PwD) who lives at home, and to explore how family caregivers practice self-care to balance negative impacts accompanying caregiving burden. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 caregivers of community-dwelling PwD in the early stage. The results indicated 5 different types of burden associated with dementia-related symptoms, caregiver characteristics, family relationship, time and as well as individual development. Facing the multifaceted and complex components of dementia caregiving burden, family caregivers reported engagement in several forms of self-care practices, such as self-empowerment in caring, utilizing formal and informal care resources, changing viewpoints, sticking to one's own values and beliefs, de-individualization of caring issues, scheduling respiratory time and space for themselves, financial preparation, creating social and support networks in order to balance the negative impacts of burden, to conserve energy for carrying out caring responsibilities and to promote their physical and mental health and wellbeing indirectly. Based on the findings mentioned above, recommendations for future research and practical work were given.

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