英文摘要
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Democratic education aims at promoting the democratic knowledge, democratic literacy, and democratic skills of the students. Hence, the practical contents of democratic education shall adapt proper methods to enhance their democratic literacy, and democratic skills besides democratic knowledge. Deliberative democracy, which emphasizes both theory and practical participation of democratic deliberation, is a workable method. By participating in different models of democracy, the participants can reevaluate democracy as well as the way to participate in deliberation, problem solving, and how to analyzing issues of public policies.However, from the perspective of democratic education one may discover some malaises, such as the neutrality of the provided reading material, the possibility of rational discussions among participants, their discoursing ability, and representativeness of the participants and their numbers. Accordingly, educators who try to give deliberative democratic training and the organizations as well as the governmental institutes which wish to promote deliberative democracy may deal with these problems with the following methods. First, We should remind the participants that the provided material and the reasoning of the experts may not necessarily be neutral, and that they shall acknowledge themselves as the subjects of discussion, shall have critical and independent thinking. Second, We should encourage the participants to speak and take note of the important ideas of others. They shall try to organize their ideas by writing them down, and to share with others by using the opinion sheet. Third, We should bremind the participants that everyone (including themselves) might be influenced by private interests, bias, and ideology. They shall learn to tolerate differences and different opinions, and respect each other. Fourth, We should remind the participants that deliberative democracy does not insist on forming consensus. Rather, communication is more emphasized. Fifth, We should consider carrying out deliberative poll or referring to the Technological Review Committee of Switzerland, so that the educational function of deliberative democracy can be fulfilled by more people.
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