南北合套在明雜劇的劇情運用與演唱特色

Plot Applications and Vocal Music Characteristics of the Amalgamation of Beiqu and Nanqu in Ming Zaju

陳貞吟(Chen-Yin Chen)

明雜劇 ； 南北合套 ； 劇情 ； 演唱 ； Ming Zaju ； Amalgamation of Beiqu and Nanqu ； Plots ； Vocal Performanc

高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類

39期（2015 / 12 / 01）

109 - 130

繁體中文

雜劇與傳奇是中國古典戲曲的兩大體製，雜劇以北曲為主要曲調，傳奇則是南曲為主，南北曲各有擅場。明人善用南北曲音樂風格之異，明雜劇的聲情比起元人雜劇，更見豐富多姿，南北合套更是曲牌交流下音樂的極致表現。本論文檢視約有三百本的劇本，觀察南北合套在劇情中的運用與演唱特色。在聲情與劇情的觀察，可見到其特色與變化，大約有審判案件、搶劫婦女、酒醉鬧事、思量去留、脅迫救危、設局騙賭、意外驚喜、熱鬧團圓等相關情節。氣氛上多轉為激昂、緊張或多變，南北合套之聲情與劇情相得益彰。曲牌聯套上，北曲大致遵循元雜劇的聯套方式。演唱上，北曲以男性腳色一人獨唱為主，南曲則以眾唱為主；但也有南北曲均由同一腳色演唱，及北曲眾唱、南曲獨唱，南北曲皆為眾唱等特殊變化。

Zaju, the poetic drama set of music, and legend are two major stylistic organizational systems of Chinese Classical Drama, where the melody of Zaju is based on Beiqu (literally “Northern music”), and the melody of legend is founded on Nanqu (literally “Southern music”); Beiqu and Nanqu have excelled in their own fields respectively. People in the Ming Dynasty were good at using the difference between the musical styles of Beiqu and Nanqu. The vocality and affection in Ming Zaju is more plentiful and abundant than Yuan Zaju; in addition, the Amalgamation of Beiqu and Nanqu is the ultimate musical performance of tune exchange. This paper reviewed about 300 plays to observe the applications in plots and the vocal performance features of the Amalgamation of Beiqu and Nanqu. Grounded on the observation of vocal expression and plots, their characteristics and variety primarily included such plots as judgment cases, robbing women, drunken brawl, thinking about leaving or staying, threatening and helping the oppressed, setting a trap to cheat in gambling, unexpected surprise, and happy reunion, and so on. The plot atmosphere is mostly transmitted to be passionate, nervous and changeful, and thus the vocal affection and the plot of the Amalgamation of Beiqu and Nanqu complements each other perfectly. As regards the northern-southern musical package, i.e., amalgamating northern and southern tunes into a joint musical structure, Beiqu is composed in accordance with the principles of amalgamation for Yuan Zaju. With respect to the vocal performance, Beiqu mainly focuses on the vocal solo of male character; as for Nanqu, vocal group is primarily concentrated. However, there are some special changes, such as the vocal solo performed by the same character in both Beiqu and Nanqu, the vocal group in Beiqu while the vocal solo in Nanqu, and the vocal group in both Beiqu and Nanqu.

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