Wordsworthian Romanticism Reflected in Dharma Mirror: Suffering and Cessation of Suffering

佛鏡映照下的華茲華斯式浪漫：苦與離苦

許惠芬(Hui-fen Hsu)

Romanticism ； Zen Buddhism ； suffering ； mindfulness ； interbeing ； 浪漫主義 ； 禪宗 ； 苦 ； 正念專注 ； 互攝存在

高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類

44期（2018 / 06 / 01）

83 - 100

英文

Deep resonances exist between Romanticism and Buddhism through the shared aim of self exploration and fulfillment. The Romantic communion with nature evokes Buddhist restoration of self-nature. They see spiritual life in a similar light, embracing the simplicity and spontaneity of human mind. The ideal of spiritual freedom from cultural constraints connects the two philosophical discourses and leaves a rich legacy in the modern world. The purpose of this study is to explore the encounter of Buddhism and Romanticism in Wordsworth's writing, illustrating how he manifests the life-affirming Zen consciousness yet fails to achieve its totality. Romanticism as exhibited in Wordsworth's poetry reverberates with the central conceptions in Buddhist teaching: suffering and cessation of suffering. The contents of this study are divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the form and cause of suffering. The second part discusses the ways to cease suffering through Buddhist mindfulness and interbeing. Wordsworth's return to nature may offer temporary relief from pain, but it is still a form of clinging from the perspective of Buddhist emptiness. Suffering will not cease until the thorough eradication of selfhood is attained. True liberation comes when the heart will neither leap with joy nor sink into despair in confronting the nature and phenomenal world.

浪漫主義和佛教思想有諸多契合之處，兩者咸致力於自我之探索與實現。浪漫主義追求人與大自然的融合，呼應佛法之回歸自性。對於性靈的看法兩者類似，皆崇尚心靈的簡樸及自然。精神自由不受文化制約的理想，將這兩種哲思連結在一起，也成為現代社會的豐富遺產。本研究的目的在探討華茲華斯詩作中，浪漫主義和佛法的相遇，闡釋他如何表現禪宗肯定生命的意識，卻無法達到它的圓滿境界。華茲華斯詩作中所表現的浪漫主義思想，相應於佛法的核心思想:苦與離苦。本研究內容分兩部分。第一部分分析苦的面貌及原因。第二部分探討透過正念專注及互攝存在的理念，得以離苦。華茲華斯藉由重返自然，得以從痛苦中得到短暫的解脫，但依佛法的空性來看，這也是一種執著。苦不會止息，除非自我的執著完全被打破。心在面對大自然與現象世界之時，不再悲喜起落，才是真正的離苦。

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