Hao-De-Xia-Ren: The Grammatical Property of De in Mandarin V-De-C Construction

好得嚇人：中文V得C結構中的「得」及其語法功能

10.7060/KNUJ-ES.201206.0075

陳郁彬(Yu-Pin Chen)

動結結構 ； 衍生後綴 ； 論元結構 ； resultative construction ； argument alternation ； Chinese grammar

高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類

32期（2012 / 06 / 01）

75 - 98

英文

本研究旨在探討中文V得C結構中的獨特語法單位「得」。筆者認為此一語法單位，依據其在語句中的句法行為，應可視為一個衍生後綴（derivational suffix），附加在動詞首（head verb）後。動詞在附加此一後綴後，其原本的論元結構（argument structure）則會受到改變，整體「Ｖ得」形式要求整整兩個論文，其中一個論元為動詞首本身所帶的論元，而另一個論元則是附加的「得」後綴所帶的句式補語論元（COMP 或XCOMP）。因此，「Ｖ得」形式的形成應該是一個詞彙歷程（lexical process）而不會是個句法歷程（syntactic process）；在「Ｖ得」形成之後，整體的論元結構投射或對應到相應的句法單位而形成Ｖ得Ｃ結構。本研究的分析，不僅緊守詞彙完整性（lexical Integrity）與詞彙本身的任意性（idiosyncrasies），也保有語法本身的簡單性（simplicity），因為本研究的分析並未為了解釋一個特殊結構而創造任何新的語法單位，同時也保有語言系統模組（module）的獨立性（autonomy）。

This paper aims to argue that the peculiar element de in the V-de-C construction should be better considered a derivational affix that is attached to the head verb in the derivation of the V-de form and that de is grammatically distinctive from that observed in resultative verb compounds. In addition, this paper proposes that the generation of the V-de form should better be a lexical process; the element de is attached to the head verb through lexical derivation and with the suffixation of de, an inherent argument of the head verb may be suppressed and an additional XCOMP argument is added. As a whole, the argument provided may better account for the grammatical property of de without inventing any new grammatical category to accommodate this peculiar element, nor does it create any new grammatical rules or mechanism.

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