题名

國小教師來生信念與生命意義感關係之研究-以死亡態度為調節變項

并列篇名

A Study of Relationships between Belief in Afterlife and Meaning in Life of Primary Teachers: the Attitude toward Death as Moderator

作者

吳和堂(Ho-Tang Wu);廖珮勳(Pei-Hsun Liao)

关键词

生命意義感 ; 死亡態度 ; 來生信念 ; Attitude of death ; belief in afterlife ; meaning in life ; moderator

期刊名称

高雄師大學報:教育與社會科學類

卷期/出版年月

38期(2015 / 06 / 01)

页次

1 - 25

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

來生信念與生命意義感受眾多因素的影響,但依據文獻發現,來生信念與生命意義感之間相關,但均未加以證實。本研究依據國小教師的狀況,選性別、宗教信仰、年齡、婚姻狀況為控制變項,分析國小教師的來生信念與生命意義感之關係,受死亡態度調節的情形。就文獻分析結果,提出二假設:一是在控制性別、宗教信仰、年齡、婚姻狀等變項下,國小教師之來生信念與生命意義感有顯著的相關。二是國小教師的來生信念與生命意義感的相關,會因死亡態度之程度而有差異。為驗證此二假設,本研究抽取臺灣南部地區的498位國小教師,接受自編國小教師來生信念、死亡態度、生命意義感等三量表的調查。施測後,以階層迴歸分析,結果發現假設一與二都得到支持。

英文摘要

First of all, based on literature, the relationship between beliefs in afterlife and meaning in life of primary teachers has never been tested. Secondly, these two variables are regulated by numerous factors. Therefore, this study comes up with two hypotheses, H_1: In control of gender, religious belief, age and marriage status, beliefs in afterlife sense have a significant impact on meaning in life of primary teachers. H_2: The impact of beliefs in afterlife on meaning in life is moderated by the level of attitude toward death. To verify the hypothesis, this study compiled three scales, called Scale of Beliefs in Afterlife, Scale of Meaning in Life, and Scale of Attitudes toward Death, and were administrated to teachers (N=498), clustered sampling from primary schools in the Southern Taiwan. The survey and analysis by hierarchical regression showed these two hypotheses were supported.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. 吳和堂(2014)。在職進修教師的生命意義感潛在成長模式之研究。高雄師大學報:教育與社會科學類,36,1-21。
    連結:
  2. 吳和堂(2014)。教師生命意義感量表之發展。教育理論與實踐學刊,29,91-122。
    連結:
  3. 蔡明昌(2008)。大學生來生信念與生命態度關係之研究。中華輔導與諮商學報,24,33-70。
    連結:
  4. 蔡明昌(2007)。我國大學生來生信念初探。中華心理衛生學刊,20(3),235-260。
    連結:
  5. 蔡明昌、吳瓊洳(2010)。我國大學生來生信念類型及其內部關連性之研究。中華輔導與諮商學報,28,61-97。
    連結:
  6. 蔡明昌、歐慧敏(2008)。本土化大學生來生信念量表的建構與發展。生死學研究,7,7-88。
    連結:
  7. (1994).Death anxiety handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application.
  8. Miller, J. (2009). Why believing in the afterlife is valuable. Retrieved from http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/7240/1/afterlife%20debate.pdf
  9. Aday, R. H.(1984).Belief in afterlife and death anxiety: Correlates and comparisons.Journal of Death and Dying,15(1),67-75.
  10. Ai, A. L.,Park, C. L.,Shearer, M.(2008).Spiritual and religious involvement relate to end-of-life decision-making in patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery.The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine,38(1),113-132.
  11. Alvarado, K. A.,Templer, D. I.,Bresler, C.,Thomas-Dobson, S.(1995).The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety.Journal of Clinical Psychology,51(2),202-204.
  12. Anagnostopoulos, F.,Slater, J.,Fitzsimmons, D.,Kolokotroni, P.(2011).Exploring global meaning in Greek breast cancer patients: Validation of the Life Attitude Profile-Revised (LAP-R).Psycho-Oncology,20(4),419-427.
  13. Baum, S. K.(1983).Older people's anxiety about afterlife.Psychological report,52(3),895-898.
  14. Bering, J.(2011).The belief instinct: The psychology of souls, destiny, and the meaning of life.New York, NY:W. W. Norton.
  15. Birren, J. E.(Eds.),Bengtson, V. L.(Eds.)(1988).Emergent theories of aging.New York, NY:Springer.
  16. Bloom, R.(2007).Religion is natural.Developmental Science,10,147-151.
  17. Braun, M.,Gordon, D.,Uziely, B.(2010).Associations between oncology nurses' attitudes toward death and caring for dying patients.Oncology nursing forum,37(1),E43-E49.
  18. Cevik, B.,Kav, S.(2013).Attitudes and experiences of nurses toward death and caring for dying patients in Turkey.Cancer nursing,36(6),E58-E65.
  19. Cicirelli, V. G.(2002).Fear of death in older adults: Predictions from terror management theory.Journal of Gerontology,57B,358-366.
  20. Cicirelli, V. G.(2001).Personal meanings of death in older adults and young adults in relation to their fears of death.Death Studies,25,663-683.
  21. Csíkszentmihályi, M.(2008).Flow: The psychology of optimal experience.New York, NY:Harper and Row.
  22. Davison, S. N.,Jhangri, G. S.(2013).The relationship between spirituality, psychosocial adjustment to illness, and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management,45(2),170-178.
  23. Dechesne, M.,Pyszczynski, T.,Arndt, J.,Ransom, S.,Sheldon, K. M.,van Knippenberg, A.,Janssen, J.(2003).Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,722-737.
  24. Durlak, J. A.(1972).Relationship between individual attitudes toward life and death.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,38,463.
  25. Exline, J. J.(2003).Belief in heaven and hell among Christians in the United States: Denominational differences and clinical implications.Journal of Death and Dying,47(2),155-168.
  26. Fegg, M. J.,Brandstätter, M.,Kramer, M.,Kögler, M.,Haarmann-Doetkotte, S.,Borasio, G. D.(2010).Meaning in life in palliative care patients.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management,40(4),502-509.
  27. Flannelly, K. J.,Ellison, C. G.,Galek, K.,Silton, N. R.(2012).Belief in life-after-death, beliefs about the world, and psychiatric symptoms.Journal of religion and health,51(3),651-662.
  28. Frankl, V. E.(1967).The doctor and the soul.New York, NY:Bantam.
  29. Frankl, V. E.(1988).The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy.New York, NY:New American Library.
  30. Frankl, V. E.(1981).The future of logotherapy.International Forum for Logotherapy,4,116-125.
  31. Gesser, G.,Wong, P. T.,Reker, G. T.(1987).Death attitude across the lift-span: The development and validation of the Death Attitudes Profiles (DAP).Omega,18(2),113-128.
  32. Greenberg, J.(Eds.),Koole, S. L.(Eds.),Pyszczynski, T.(Eds.)(2004).Handbook of experimental existential psychology.New York, NY:Guilford.
  33. Harding, S. R.,Flannelly, K. J.,Weaver, A. J.,Costa, K. G.(2005).The influence of religion on death anxiety and death acceptance.Mental Health, Religion & Culture,8,253-261.
  34. Hill, C. E.,Bowers, G.,Costello, A.,England, J.,Houston-Ludlam, A.,Knowlton, G.(2013).What's it all about? A qualitative study of undergraduate students' beliefs about meaning of life.Journal of Humanistic Psychology,53(3),386-414.
  35. Ho, A. H.,Chan, C. L.,Chow, A. Y.,Pon, A. K.,Ng, S. M.(2010).Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version (C-DAP-R) of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised.Illness, Crisis, & Loss,18(2),95-110.
  36. Holcomb, L. E.,Neimeyer, R. A.,Moore, M. K.(1993).Personal meanings of death: A content analysis of free-response narratives.Death Studies,17,299-318.
  37. Hsiao, Y. C.,Chien, L.Y.,Wu, L. Y.,Chiang, C. M.,Huang, S. Y.(2010).Spiritual health, clinical practice stress, depressive tendency and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students.Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(7),1612-1622.
  38. Lander, N. R.,Nahon, D.(2010).A meaningful death as a function of a meaningful life: An integrity model perspective.International Journal of Existential Psychology and Psychotherapy,3(2)
  39. Lester, D.(1967).Experimental and correlation studies of the fear of death.Psychological Bulletin,67(1),27.
  40. Lundh, L.,Radon, V.(1998).Death anxiety as a function of belief in an afterlife. A comparison between a questionnaire measure and a Stroop measure of death anxiety.Personality and Individual Differences,25(3),487-94.
  41. Lyke, J.(2013).Associations among aspects of meaning in life and death anxiety in young adults.Death Studies,37(5),471-482.
  42. Mack, M. J.(1952).The personal adjustment of chronically ill old people under home care.Nursing Research,1(1),9-30.
  43. Meyersburg, C. A.,McNally, R. J.(2011).Reduced death distress and greater meaning in life among individuals reporting past life memory.Personality and Individual Differences,50(8),1218-1221.
  44. Neimeyer, R. A.(2005).From death anxiety to meaning making at the end of life: Recommendations for psychological assessment.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,12,354-357.
  45. Nelsen, H. M.(1981).Life without afterlife: Toward congruency of belief across generations.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,20(2),109-118.
  46. Ochsmann, R.(1984).Belief in afterlife as a moderator of fear of death?.European Journal of Social Psychology,14,53-67.
  47. Parker, D. W.(2013).The relationship between ego integrity and death attitudes in older adults.American Journal of Applied Psychology,2(1),7-15.
  48. Rasmussen, C.,Johnson, M.(1994).Spirituality and religiosity: Relative relationships to death anxiety.Omega,29,313-318.
  49. Ray, J. J.,Najman, J.(1974).Death anxiety and death acceptance: A preliminary approach.Omega,5,311-315.
  50. Rose, B. M.,O'sullivan, M. J.(2002).Afterlife beliefs and death anxiety: An exploration of the relationship between afterlife expectations and fear of death in an undergraduate population.Omega,45(3),229-243.
  51. Schulenberg, S. E.,Melton, A. M. A.(2008).A confirmatory factor-analytic evaluation of the Purpose in Life Test: Preliminary psychometric support for a replicable two-factor model.Journal of Happiness Studies,11(1),95-111.
  52. Segal, F. A.(2010).Life after death: A history of the afterlife in western religion.New York, NY:Doubleday Religious.
  53. Starck, P. L.(2008).The human spirit: The search for meaning and purpose through suffering.Human Medicine Health Care,8(2)
  54. Steger, M. F.,Frazier, P.,Oishi, S.,Kaler, M.(2006).The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life.Journal of Counseling Psychology,53,80-93.
  55. Swanson, J. L.,Byrd, K. R.(1998).Death anxiety in young adults as a function of religious orientation, guilt, and separation-individuation conflict.Death Studies,22,257-268.
  56. Taubman-Ben-Ari, O.(2011).Is the meaning of life also the meaning of death? A terror management perspective reply.Journal of Happiness Studies,12(3),385-399.
  57. Tomer, A.(Ed.)(2000).Death attitudes and the older adult: Theories, concepts and applications.Washington, DC:Taylor-Francis.
  58. Tomer, A.(Ed.)(2000).Death attitudes and the older adult: Theories, concepts, and applications.Philadelphia, PA:Brunner- Routledge.
  59. Tomer, A.,Eliason, G. T.,Wong, P. T. P.(2008).Existential and spiritual issues in death attitudes.New York, NY:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  60. Wong, P. T. P.(2010).Meaning making and the positive psychology of death acceptance.International Journal of Existential Psychology and Psychotherapy,3(2)
  61. Wong, P. T. P.,Tomer, A.(2011).Beyond terror and denial: The positive psychology of death acceptance.Death Studies,35(2),99-106.
  62. Yalom, I. D.(2008).Staring at the sun: Overcoming the terror of death.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  63. Yang, S. C.,Lai, S. Y.(2012).Validation of a new measure of the concept of good death among Taiwanese children.Death studies,36(3),228-252.
  64. York, C. R.,Stichler, J. F.(1985).Cultural grief expressions following infant death.Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing,4(2),120-127.
  65. 石宜家、謝季宏、吳和堂(2011)。國小教師的工作壓力、工作滿意度與生命意義感之相關研究。教育學刊,37,177-214。
  66. 周德新(2008)。死亡態度論。武陵學刊,33(2),21-23。
  67. 邱皓政(2010)。量化研究與統計分析-SPSS(PASW)資料分析範例。臺北市:五南。
  68. 張利中、蕭志邦、周希諴(2011)。台灣地區安寧護理人員宗教信仰類別與臨終關懷效能之相關研究。安寧療護雜誌,16(2),191-204。
  69. 張淑美(1996)。死亡學與死亡教育:國中生之死亡概念、死亡態度、死亡教育態度及其相關因素之研究。高雄市:復文。
  70. 傅偉勳(1993)。死亡的尊嚴與生命的尊嚴-從臨終精神醫學到現代生死學。臺北市:正中。
  71. 廖珮勳(2013)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄市,國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
  72. 劉見成(2005)。死後生命之信仰對生命意義的影響-以中有大聞解脫為例的哲學考察。弘光人文社會學報,3,146-187。
  73. 鄭振煌譯、索甲仁波切(2006)。西藏生死書。臺北市:張老師文化。
  74. 凃金堂(2012)。量表編製與 SPSS。臺北市:五南。