年紀有差嗎？來自30歲左右師培研究生們選擇進入教師職涯的省思

Age Matters? Insights from Mature Graduate Students in Their 30s in Teacher Education

江淑真(Shu-Chen Chiang)

年紀較大師培生 ； 師資培育 ； 師培政策 ； Mature students ； teacher education ； teacher education policy

高雄師大學報：教育與社會科學類

38期（2015 / 06 / 01）

69 - 91

繁體中文

根據國內外實徵研究發現，比起年紀輕的同儕，多數年紀較大者，較具有適合從事教職的社會心理特質。為了解這群師培生們，如何看待自我進入教職的選擇，且年歲的增長，如何與其教學的相關信念與內在動機產生關聯，本研究訪談13位約30歲左右且正在修習職前師資教育的研究生。初步研究發現：這群年長師培生適合教職的社會心理特質乃植基於先前經驗與年紀帶來的成熟度，三十而立對於邁入穩定人生階段的渴望與教師職涯的契合度，以及凸顯出師資培育提供者需回應這群年長師培生需求的挑戰。正視這群年紀較大的成年人再度進入大學並修習職前師資教育的需求，預期將有效回應日前多元化且富彈性的師資培育建議走向；再者，本研究結果可供師資培育機構與教師們檢視其年長師培生的需求。文末提出對職前師資教育的相關建議。

Learning from empirical research, mature adults have more suitable characteristics psycho-sociologically to be a teacher than their younger peers. To realize how the mature students consider their decision of entering the teaching profession, and how the increase in age is associated with their beliefs in teaching and the intrinsic motivation, this study interviewed thirteen mature teacher students in their 30s. The primary findings show: the characteristics of psycho-sociologically to be a teacher are derived from prior experiences and maturity in age, individuals at the age of 30 longing for settling down in a stable stage in life fit well with the teaching profession, and teacher education providers should respond to the need of mature students, seeing it as a challenge. It is expected to correspond to the trend of diverse and flexible teacher education effectively if we could realize the need of the group of mature adults, who decided to participate in the teaching profession. Moreover, the findings can help teacher education institutions and teacher educators review the needs of their mature enrollees. Suggestions to the teacher education were provided.

1. 朱苑瑜、葉玉珠(2003)。實習教師信念改變的影響因素之探討。師大學報：教育類，48(1)，41-65。
   連結：
2. 周祝瑛(2009)。台灣地區師資培育政策之檢討與展望。中等教育，60(3)，8-20。
   連結：
3. 張炳煌(2012)。德國師資培育兩階段學位學程發展之研究。教育研究集刊，58(1)，71-103。
   連結：
4. 梁金都(2010)。國小代課教師文化之研究。屏東教育大學學報，34，1-34。
   連結：
5. 黃源河、符碧真(2009)。一樣軌跡兩樣情：美國與我國師資培育機構轉型與教師質量之比較。教育科學研究期刊，54(4)，171-200。
   連結：
6. 楊銀興、林政逸、劉健慧(2007)。我國多元化師資培育政策問題影響評估。教育理論與實踐學刊，16，1-21。
   連結：
7. Carnevale, A. P. (2008). Employment policy at the crossroads. Workforce Narrative Project, 20. Retrieved from http://www.aecf.org/news/fes/dec2008/pdf/Carnavale.pdf
8. Go8. (2013). The changing Ph.D: Discussion paper group of eight house. Retrived from https://go8.edu.au/publication/discussion-paper-changing-phd
9. (1998).Confucianism and the Family.
10. Arnett, J.(2009).Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Culture Approach.New Jersey:Pearson.
11. Arnett, J.(2004).The winding road from the late teens through the twenties.New York:Oxford University Press.
12. Arnett, J.(2000).Emerging Adulthood.American Psychologist,55(5),469-480.
13. Bird, J.,Morgan, C.(2003).Adults contemplating university study at a distance: Issues, thems, and concerns.International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning,4(1),17.
14. Carnevale, A. P.,Hanson, A. R.,Gilush, A.(2013).Georgetown University for the Center on Education and the WorkforceGeorgetown University for the Center on Education and the Workforce,未出版
15. Chiang, S. C.,Hawley, J. D.(2013).The role of higher education in their life: Emerging adults on the crossroad.New Horizons in Adult Education & Human Resource Development,25(3),3-13.
16. Crow, G. M.,Levine, L.,Nager, N.(1990).No more business as usual: Career changers who become teachers.American Journal of Education,197-223.
17. Donaldson, M. L.(2012).The Promise of Older Novices: Teach For America Teachers' Age of Entry and Subsequent Retention in Teaching and Schools.Teachers College Record,114(10)
18. Drancourt, M.(2009).,UNESCO.
19. Eifler, K.,Potthoff, D. E.(1998).Nontraditional teacher education students: A synthesis of the literature.Journal of Teacher Education,49(3),187-195.
20. Erikson, E. H.(1994).Identity: Youth and crisis.New York:Norton & Company.
21. Evans, L.(2011).The motivations to enter teaching by age related career stage and certification path.Sociological Spectrum,31(5),606-633.
22. Fang, Z.(1996).A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices.Educational Research,38(1),47-65.
23. Fook, J.(2002).Theorizing from practice.Qualitative Social Work,1(1),17.
24. Gaede, O. F.(1978).Reality shock: A problem among first-year teachers.The Clearing House,51(9),405-409.
25. Glesne, C.(2005).Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction.Boston:Pearson Education.
26. Heinz, M.(2013).Tomorrow's teachers-selecting the best: An exploration of the quality rationale behind academic and experiential selection criteria for initial teacher education programmes.Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability,25(2),93-114.
27. Hsu, C. C.,Lord, A. Y.,Tseng, T. S.,Chen, T.(2005).The impact of the tobacco market opening on smoking status in Taiwan: findings from a secular smoking rates analysis.International quarterly of community health education,25(3),271-281.
28. Huang, Y.(2012).Transitioning challenges faced by Chinese graduate students.Adult Learning,23(3),138-147.
29. Izadinia, M.(2013).A review of research on student teachers' professional identity.British Educational Research Journal,39(4),694-713.
30. Jing, Q.,Fu, X.(2001).Modern Chinese psychology: Its indigenous roots and international influences.International Journal of Psychology,36(6),408-418.
31. Kagan, D. M.(1992).Implication of research on teacher belief.Educational psychologist,27(1),65-90.
32. OECD(2005).Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining fffective teachers.Paris:OECD.
33. Olsen, B.(2008).How reasons for entry into the profession illuminate teacher identity development.Teacher education quarterly,35(3),23-40.
34. Pajares, M. F.(2008).,National Commission on Adult Literacy.
35. Raths, J.(Eds.),McAninch, A. R.(Eds.)(2003).Teacher beliefs and classroom performance: The impact of teacher education.IAP.
36. Rinke, C. R.(2013).Teaching as exploration? The difficult road out of the classroom.Teaching and Teacher Education,34,98-106.
37. Shanahan, M. J.(2000).Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective.Annual Review of Sociology,26(1),667-692.
38. Shanahan, M. J.,Mortimer, J. T.,Kruger, H.(2002).Adolescence and Adult Work in the Twenty-First Century.Journal of Research on Adolescence,12(1),21.
39. Swartz, E.(2009).Diversity: Gatekeeping knowledge and maintaining inequalities.Review of Educational Research,79(2),1044-1083.
40. Tan, P. I.,Justina.(2012).Second career teacher: perceptions of self-efficacy in the first year of teaching.New Horizons in Education,60(2),21-35.
41. Tigchelaar, A.,Brouwer, N.,Korthagen, F.(2008).Crossing horizons: Continuity and change during second-career teachers' entry into teaching.Teaching and Teacher Education,24(6),1530-1550.
42. Tigchelaar, A.,Vermunt, J. D.,Brouwer, N.(2012).Patterns of development in second-career teachers' conceptions of learning and teaching.Teaching and Teacher Education,28(8),1163-1174.
43. Wang, H. H.,Fwu, B. J.(2007).In pursuit of teacher quality in diversity: A study of the selection mechanisms of new secondary teacher education programmes in Taiwan.International Journal of Educational Development,27(2),166-181.
44. Williams, J.,Forgasz, H.(2009).The motivations of career change students in teacher education.Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education,37(1),95-108.
45. Wittrock, M. C.(Ed.)(1986).Handbook of Research on Teaching.New York:Macmillan.
46. Yin, L. C.(2003).Do traditional values still exist in modern Chinese societies?.Asia Europe Journal,1(1),43-59.
47. 江淑真(2014)。支持較年長學生修習師培教育：理論的觀點。教師專業研究期刊，7，91-108。
48. 江淑真(2013)。有意願但也較資深：比較不同年齡層師培生之修習動機/實際投入及其結果。「教育資料庫建置與應用」國際研討會，臺北市:
49. 吳清山(2006)。師資培育的理念與實踐。教育研究與發展期刊，2(1)，17-24。
50. 李文惠(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄市，國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
51. 林新發、王秀玲、鄧珮秀(2007)。我國中小學師資培育現況，政策與展望。教育研究與發展期刊，3(1)，57-80。
52. 洪佳琪(2007)。我國多元師資培育制度之現況與問題探討。網路社會學通訊期刊，61
53. 張民杰(2009)。師資培育歷程外一章：一位國中初任代理教師的個案研究。教育研究與發展期刊，5(1)，59-90。
54. 陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。臺北市:五南。
55. 彭煥勝(2011)。我國小學師資培育政策的百年回顧與前瞻。市北教育學刊，39，79-102。
56. 曾素秋(2011)。多元文化教育課程對師資生多元文化素養影響之研究。教育研究與發展期刊，7(1)，111-150。
57. 黃繼仁(2011)。我國師資培育改革的挑戰與展望：典範轉變的觀點。教師專業研究期刊，1，79-99。
58. 楊智穎(1994)。1994年之後師資培育課程歷史變遷之研究：以師資培育學系為例。教育研究與發展期刊，6(1)，39-64。
59. 劉美慧、洪佳慧(2009)。當師培生遇到多元文化教育：準教師的多元文化意識與教學實踐。教育研究與發展期刊，5(1)，1-34。
60. 謝卓君(2004)。我國師資培育法之政策文本分析。教育政策論壇，7(2)，1-28。

1. 張炳煌(2017)。中文版「師資培育學程選擇動機量表」之修訂與分析。測驗學刊，64(4)，367-402。