The Effect of Bureaucracy on Job Burnout

官僚對工作倦怠之影響

10.7049/JCHCTC.201210.0049

施淑惠(Shu-Hui Shih)；楊主行(Chu-Hsing Yang)

自主 ； 官僚 ； 工作倦怠 ； 集權化 ； 正式化 ； autonomy ； bureaucracy ； job burnout ； centralization ； formalization

健行學報

32卷4期（2012 / 10 / 26）

49 - 68

英文

工作倦怠會產生許多負面的結果，例如降低承諾、增加缺席率、影響工作績效（Schaufeli and Enzmann,1998），因此與工作壓力併列為組織行為中最常被探討的主題（Martin, 2000）。Vallen（1993）的研究中發現個人的工作倦怠與組織結構有明顯關係，Mastach and Jackson（1986）亦發現組織因素對工作倦怠的影響大於人口統計因素，而Maslach, Schaufeil and Leiter（2001），更明白指出階級（hierarchies）制度下會產生工作倦怠。官僚體制的組織對工作倦怠的影響已被文獻探討，本研究旨在釐清官僚制度如何影響工作倦怠。本研究針對203位公部門員工及240位私部門員工所填寫之問卷進行檢測，結果發現官僚制度導致工作倦怠的原因係因（1）正式化的特性會增加無力感因此產生工作倦怠（2）集權的特性產生無意義感及減少工作自主因此產生工作倦怠，本研究建議建議應該適量授權給員工及讓員工有工作自主以減少工作倦怠。

Job burnout produces many negative effects, such as lowering commitment, increasing absentee rates, affecting job performance (Schaufeli and Enzmann, 1998). Therefore job burnout and job stress are equally most commonly discussed issues of organizational behavior (Martin, 2000). Vallen (1993) found that individual burnout is significantly related to organizational structures. Mastach and (1986) also found that organizational factors can affect job burnout, of which working environmental factor has more effect on job burnout than population statistical factor does. Maslach, Schaufeil and Leiter (2001) even clearly pointed out that job burnout is generated under hierarchies system. The effect of organizational structures on burnout has been confirmed by the literature. This study aims to clarify the relationship between bureaucracy and job burnout. The study examined questionnaire surveys answered by Taiwanese that 203 employees working in public departments and 240 employees in private sectors. An analysis of the investigation results showed that (1) higher degree of formalization would promote sense of powerlessness, causing job burnout; (2) higher degree of centralization would increase meaninglessness and decrease job autonomy, causing job burnout. Thus, this study suggests that appropriate authorization and flexibility should help in solving job burnout problem.