運動場域中的身體資本初探

Physical Capital in the Sports Field

10.6695/AUES.201005_99.0006

莊珮琪(Pei-Chi Chuang)

布爾迪厄 ； 運動員 ； 社會場域 ； bourdieu ； athletes ； society

大專體育學術專刊

99年度（2010 / 05 / 01）

38 - 43

繁體中文

本研究採用文獻分析法，透過布爾迪厄提出的「身體資本」概念，以及運動場域中的實例，理解運動員在參與運動的生命歷程中，為順應身處場域所累積的身體技能、運動技術，以及心理條件等特殊價值，並解釋運動員與運動場域之間的關係。身體資本係指運動員的運動技能養成需經過長時間對於動作的揣摩與練習，在身體上進行技能與技巧的投資，這種身體技術不能藉由外在形式進行贈與、購買或傳遞，只能透過自己親自參與、體驗以及練習，逐漸積累而成；此外，身體資本必然會與社會場域中的階級象徵鬥爭連結，呈現運動場域內所積累的社會價值與資源間的衝突。經本文整理歸納後提出四點結論：一、過度仰賴身體資本所呈現的績效，忽略運動員從事運動的意義與價值；二、身體資本必須面臨衰退、病痛及死亡，無法長期穩固持有；三、重視運動傷害及並提升社會支持，確保運動參與的身心健康狀態；四、需重視第二專長的培育，健全運動員轉職的機制。期盼透過本文論述，以延伸運動場域中，運動員身體資本的意義及價值的進一步討論。

This article adopts Bourdieu's ”Physical Capital” theory to analyze those special behaviors or attitudes of athletes, figure out why they intend to choose devoting themselves into sports, and also try to find out the connection between athletes, sports field and the society. ”Physical Capital” means that the skills of athletes require longtime to practice and achieve, besides, these physical techniques can not be gave, delivered as a present, or even purchase. In the mean time, ”Physical Capital” also related with ones social classes, which can explained the relationship between the values and resources in the society. The following ideas would be raised after literature analyses: 1. The meaning and values are rarely mentioned except for the outstanding performance of athletes. 2. Aging, illness and death can not be violated. 3. Sports injuries and other factors which cause the decrease of ”Physical Capital” should be taken seriously. 4. Second expertise should be place important on athletes' career development. Hence, with the understanding of these complicated reasons, the writer wishes to raise the value and the meaning of Physical Capital of sportsmen and the whole sports field.