臺灣水平地表變形模式精度分析與應用

Accuracy Analysis and Applications of Taiwan Horizontal surface deformation model

王昱凡(Yu-Fan Wang)；陳國華(Kwo-Hwa Chen)

一九九七坐標系統2010年成果（TWD97[2010]） ； 半動態參考框架 ； 水平速度場 ； 水平地表變形模式 ； 基本控制點 ； TWD97[2010] ； Semi-kinematic reference frame ； Horizontal Velocity Field ； Horizontal surface deformation model ； Basic Control Point

國土測繪與空間資訊

8卷2期（2020 / 07 / 01）

61 - 77

繁體中文

國家大地基準提供的坐標資訊，若能維持長時間的穩定與精確性，將能有效作為區域內各測繪成果之參考基準以及維護成果精度之用。然而，臺灣目前使用的一九九七坐標系統2010年成果（簡稱TWD97[2010]），由於未有點位坐標的速度值，因此TWD97[2010]仍屬於靜態的大地基準，在複雜的板塊結構環境與其活躍的運動影響下，使得臺灣大地基準之精度維持更為艱辛。自半動態參考框架（semi-kinematic reference frame）概念提出以來，臺灣地區利用歷年GNSS衛星連續觀測站與移動站的資料，陸續推估得臺灣地區半動態參考框架所需的地表變形模式。因此，本研究以臺灣2016、2017年基本控制點的檢測成果以及2018年宜蘭縣、臺東縣加密控制點成果，探討控制點的實測坐標與經水平地表變形模式推算得的坐標之兩者較差，並進行精度驗證，以評估水平地表變形模式應用於臺灣測繪作業的可達精度，作為控制點維護、更新應用的參考資訊。

If the coordinate of control points provided by the National Geodetic Datum can have been maintained its long-term stability and accuracy, it will be able to effectively provide reference coordinates at a high level accuracy for the various applications in the field surveying. However, the 1997 National Geodetic Datum which currently used in Taiwan (TWD97[2010]) is still a static geodetic datum because there is no any velocity information with the coordinate of control points. Therefore, due to the effects of the complex surface plate structures and active plate movements, the accuracy of Taiwan geodetic datum will be more difficult to maintain. Since the semi-kinematic reference frame have been announced, the GNSS continuously operating reference station (CORS) data have been calculated to estimate a horizontal velocity model in Taiwan. In this study, the accuracy of the horizontal velocity field was validated by means of the comparisons between the real coordinates and the predicted coordinates of the basic control points in Taiwan. Secondly, it is proposed to point out the suggestions for the field surveying of basic control points and also to maintain the accuracy and renewal of the control points in all regions of Taiwan.

1. 景國恩,孔冠傑(2014)。台灣西南部半動態基準之建立。國土測繪與空間資訊，2(2)，85-105。
   連結：
2. 景國恩,楊名,陳鶴欽,林文勇,梁旭文,劉正倫(2017)。臺灣半動態基準之建立與展望。國土測繪與空間資訊，5(2)，83-109。
   連結：
3. 內政部國土測繪中心，2018a，http://www.nlsc.gov.tw/Home/MakePage/42?level=42 (瀏覽日期：2018 年 5 月 9 日) 。
4. Bourne, S. J.,England, P. C.,Parsons, B.(1998).The motion of crustal blocks driven by flow of the lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of continental strike-slip faults.Nature,391,655-659.
5. Chen, K.-H.,Chuang, R. Y.,Ching, K.-E.(2020).Realization approach of non‑linear postseismic deformation model for Taiwan semi‑kinematic reference frame.Earth, Planets and Space,72,75.
6. Ching, K.-E.,Chen, K.-H.(2015).Tectonic effect for establishing a semi-dynamic datum in Southwest Taiwan.Earth Planets Space,67,207.
7. Chlieh, M.,de Chabalier, J. B.,Ruegg, J. C.,Armijo, R.,Dmowska, R.,Campos, J.,Feigl, K. L.(2004).Crustal deformation and fault slip during the seismic cycle in the north Chile subduction zone, from GPS and InSAR observations.Geophys. J. Int.,158,695-711.
8. Grant, D.B.,Blick, G.H.,Pearse, M.B.,Beavan, R.J.,Morgan, P.J.(1999).The development and implementation of New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000.IUGG99 General Assembly,Birmingham UK:
9. Grant, D.B.,Donnelly, N.,Crook, C.,Amos, M.,Ritchie, J.,Roberts, C.(2015).Special feature–managing the dynamics of the New Zealand spatial cadaster.Journal of Spatial Science,60(1),3-18.
10. Hatanaka, Y.,Iizuka, T.,Sawada, M.,Yamagiwa, A.,Kikuta, Y.,Johnson, J. M.,Rocken, C.(2003).Improvement of the Analysis Strategy of GEONET.Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute,49,1-35.
11. Li, C.-K,Ching, K.-E.,Chen, K.-H.(2019).The ongoing modernization of the Taiwan semi-dynamic datum based on the surface horizontal deformation model using GNSS data from 2000 to 2016.J Geod,93,1543-1558.
12. Nur, A.,Mavko, G.(1974).Post-seismic viscoelastic rebound.Science,183,204-206.
13. Peltzer, G.,Rosen, P.,Rogez, F.,Hudnut, K.(1996).Postseismic rebound in fault step-overs caused by pore fluid flow.Science,273,1202-1206.
14. Roeloffs, E.(1996).Poroelastic techniques in the study of earthquake-related hydrological phenomena.Advances in geophysics,37,135-195.
15. Thatcher, W.,Rundle, J. B.(1984).A viscoelastic coupling model for the cyclic deformation due to periodically repeated earthquakes at subduction zones.J. Geophys. Res.,89,7631-7640.
16. Tregoning, P.,Jackson, R.(1999).The need for dynamic datums.Geomatics Research Australasia,71,87-102.
17. Tse, S.-T.,Rice, J. R.(1986).Crustal earthquake instability in relation to the depth variation of frictional slip properties.J. Geophys. Res.,91,9452-9472.
18. Tsuji, H.,Komaki, K.(2005).Towards the Realization of Geo-Referencing Infrastructure for Dynamic Japan (GRID-Japan).Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute,52,1-11.
19. Tsuji, H.,Matsuzaka, S.(2004).Realization of Horizontal Geodetic Coordinates 2000.Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute,151,11-30.
20. 內政部國土測繪中心(2013)。,未出版
21. 內政部國土測繪中心(2018)。內政部國土測繪中心，2018b，內政部公告 0206 花蓮地震後基本控制點檢測成果 。
22. 內政部國土測繪中心(2018)。,未出版
23. 內政部國土測繪中心(2019)。,未出版
24. 內政部國土測繪中心(2017)。,未出版
25. 內政部國土測繪中心(2017)。內政部國土測繪中心，2017a，地籍圖重測 106 年計畫 。
26. 內政部國土測繪中心(2016)。,未出版
27. 林文勇,劉至忠,劉正倫(2012)。臺灣大地基準之一九九七坐標系統 2010 年成果。地籍測量，31(3)，1-15。
28. 邱元宏(2016)。國立交通大學土木工程學系。
29. 郭徐伸(2014)。國立成功大學測量及空間資訊學系。