한국 근대 박물관의 설립배경과 감장연구－이왕가 박물관, 조선총독부박물관, 이왕가미술관을 중심으로

Exploration on the Construction of Museum and Collecting in Korea since the Period of JapaneseOccupation-Based on the Museum of Li Royal Family, Korean Government House Museum and Gallery of Li Royal Family

10.29611/ZHWHGX.201012.0429

李承珍

韓國 ； 博物館 ； 美術館 ； 典藏 ； 鑑定 ； Korea ； museum ； gallery ； identification ； collection

中韓文化關係國際學術會議論文集

19屆（2010 / 12 / 18）

429 - 445

韓文

韓國近代博物館的形成可以追溯到日帝時代（日本帝國佔領時期）。日本帝國佔領時期下所設立的博物館，其博物館的建設、典藏品的收集，以及文物藝術品的鑑藏過程都是在日本帝國的主導下形成與進行。如今看來，研究當時在日本帝國主導下所形成的博物館的論述，主要針對當時博物館設立的時空背景以及其歷史意義，尤其偏重於帝國主義與殖民意識的探討。值得注意的是，博物館的文物收藏的鑑定過程，在當時缺乏韓國文物鑑定專家的狀況之下，僅由少數的日本人依據傳聞、人際關係與其主觀的判定，來進行博物館的典藏作業，因此，當時博物館的收藏與鑑識產生許多的弊病。本論文關注這部分問題的原因，在於韓國自1945年從日本帝國主義者手中光復以後，近代博物館的收藏品直接移轉到國立博物館（國立中央博物館前身），一直到現在，大多數文物並沒有經過專業的鑑定程式進行判定，因此，許多文物藝術品仍然無法正確地在歷史上找到其正確的位置。雖然如此，可是關於近代博物館的文物藝術品鑑藏過程之鑑定問題的研究論文，迄今尚不多見。本論文首先探討韓國殖民地的時代背景下韓國近代博物館的形成與發展，再進一步探討博物館的典藏過程以及文物藝術品的鑑識課題。韓國在近代時期所設立的博物館不少，其中以後來被劃歸為國立中央博物館的李王家博物館，朝鮮總督府博物館、朝鮮總督府博物館下轄的地方博物館以及李王家美術館，最受到關注。國立中央博物館以其國家博物館的地位與豐富的收藏，其所典藏的文物藝術品是韓國文物的基準，在韓國美術史與文化的發展有其舉足輕重的影響。因此，本論文以李王家博物館，朝鮮總督府博物館、李王家美術館為組成元素而建構的國立中央博物館為中心，來理解韓國近代博物館的形成過程與收藏方法，再進一步探討韓國博物館將其收藏品進行全面系統化整理與鑑識的必要性。

The construction of modern museums in Korea can be traced back to the period of Japanese occupation. Therefore the establishment, collecting and identification procedure in museums were dominated by Japanese empire at that time.From the viewpoint of the present most researchers who explore museums in the period of Japanese occupation in Korea have been keen to focus on the formation and the history of museums, particularly on the imperialism and ideology of colonialism. It is concerned that collecting activities in museums were conducted by a small number of Japanese according to rumor, personal interest and subjective judgment due to the lack of Korean experts then. Therefore many mistakes occurred frequently in the procedure of collecting and identification.The reason why the topic of identification in museum arouses researcher's interest is that most of collections have not been precisely carried out by expertise after the collections of museums were transferred to the National Museum of Korea since Korean recovery in 1945. Although a lot of collection in museums so far can not secure their identity in Korean history, papers concerning collecting procedure and identification in Korean museums are significantly rare.Researcher firstly discusses the formation and development of Korean museums in the background of Japanese occupation and then explores the procedure of collecting and identification in museums.There are many museums set up in Korea in the modern times. Those Museums of Li Royal Family, Korean Government House Museum and attached museums of the Korean Government House Museum and Gallery of Li Royal Family incorporated into National Museum of Korea are highly concerned.The collection of National Museum of Korea shows its great influence on the development of culture and fine arts and is regarded as a standard in terms of its position and abundant collection. Researcher therefore attempts to focus on the Museum of Li Royal Family, Korean Government House Museum and Gallery of Li Royal Family to explore the museum formation and collecting ways in museums. Furthermore researcher attempts to explore the significant necessity for the systematic and full-scale collection identification in museums in Korea.