海洋廢棄物的法制規範

Regulations about Marine Debris

周怡(Yi Chou)

海洋污染 ； 海洋廢棄物 ； 垃圾帶 ； 永續發展 ； 一般法律原則 ； marine pollution ； marine debris ； garbage patches ； sustainable development ； general principles

臺灣海洋法學報

11卷1&2期（2014 / 12 / 01）

81 - 103

繁體中文

人為活動造成海洋污染已經是非常嚴重的全球問題，單靠幾個國家的努力是無法解決日益增加的海洋廢棄物。與海洋污染有關的國際公約提供基礎法律框架供締約國遵行，但受限於條約不拘束第三國原則，未加入公約的國家並不受條約的拘束，間接促成海洋廢棄物持續增加，海洋污染帶加速持續擴大。不具法律拘束力的文件雖然可將相關公約內容具體化為細節，但不具法律拘束力的性質，意味著國家受拘束之義務相對薄弱，國際社會的成員仍可基於利益考量，決定是否採用其內容作為國內立法的內容。透過闡釋善鄰原則與權利濫用原則可以作為國家間有共同處理海洋廢棄物的義務依據，此意味著一般法律原則可填補條約與習慣法的不足之處，也證明國際法是共處法，各國應基於理性而有高度的合作義務，此義務不因制訂條約而減損。

Marine pollution caused by human activities is already a seriously global problem. It is insufficient to fully solve the increasing marine debris by purely relying on few countries' efforts. Some International conventions relating to marine pollution have provided a legal framework for the parties to comply, but on the one hand, limited by Pactatertiisnecnocentnecprosunt, States not by bound by the relevant international treaties still remain their own practices and therefore indirectly contributed to the marine debris which continuingly leads to garbage patch. On the other hand, although non-legal binding documents could further specify the contents of these Conventions, it also means each country would still has its own discretion to decide to adopt them or not on behalf of their national interest. Based on the principle of good neighbor and abuse rights, these two principles can serve as the common legal bases for obliging the States to deal with marine debris. This means that the general principles of law may fulfill the gaps resulted from interpretations of treaties and customary law, it also proves that international law is coexistence law, States should be based on rational calculation and thus have a high degree of cooperation obligations, this obligation is not exempted due to sign treaties.

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