中國大陸外資銀行績效分析

The Determinations of Foreign Bank's Performance in Mainland China

葉銀華(Yin-Hua Yeh)

中國大陸 ； 外資銀行 ； 績效 ； China ； Foreign Banks ； Performance

兩岸金融季刊

1卷2期（2013 / 12 / 01）

1 - 15

繁體中文

過去研究利用較早期資料進行實證分析，發現大陸四大國有銀行的經營最不具效率性，而外資銀行（分行型式）的效率性較高。但是，在大陸高度經濟成長與四大國有銀行、股份制銀行體質改革上市之後，大陸本地銀行的績效（以獲利性來衡量）卻遠高於外資銀行。有關以較新資料進行外資銀行績效分析是有其必要性，特別是2007年開始有外商獨資銀行設立以後。本文蒐集2009年到2011年之外資獨資與參股銀行各年年報，較完整資料者有28家。實證結果發現當負債淨值倍數愈大，淨值報酬率愈高，可見在大陸外資銀行吸收存款的重要性；亦即若能體現金融中介的效果，則可有助於績效之提升。而當資產減值損失率、業務管理費用率愈大，則淨值報酬率愈低，可見在大陸外資銀行必須著重於風險控管，降低資產減值損失，以及提升營運效率，方能強化淨值報酬率。

Previous studies using the earlier data to do the empirical analysis confirmed that the ”Big Four” state-owned banks in China are the most ineffective, while the foreign banks in China (in the type of branch of bank) are more effective. However, after the ”Big Four” state-owned banks went public with the high economic growth in China, the performance of the local banks in China is better than the performance of the foreign banks. It is necessary to analyze the foreign banks' performance with newer data, especially after the setting of foreign-owned subsidiary banks in 2007. This paper collected the annual reports of foreign-owned subsidiary banks in 2009-2011, and there were 28 banks with more complete data. The empirical evidence shows that the bigger the Debt-Equity multiple is, the higher the ROE will be. Therefore, the ability of foreign banks in China to absorb savings is very important. That is, if the foreign banks in China can realize the effect of being the financial intermediation, it will be helpful to improve their performance. On the other hand, the evidence also shows that the bigger the assets impairment loss and the selling general and administrative expenses are, the lower the ROE will be. Hence, the foreign banks in China have to put great emphasis on managing and controlling of risk, reducing the value loss of assets devaluation, and improving the efficiency of operation. Therefore, they can enhance their ROE.

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