三種奧勒岡屬植物精油應用於水稻病原真菌防治之評估

Evalution of Essential Oil Prepared from Oregano Plants Against the Rice Fungi Pathogens

陳鐶斌(Whan-Bin Chen)；郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo)；陳裕星(Yu-Hsin Chen)

奧勒岡屬 ； 抗真菌活性 ； 精油 ； 水稻病原真菌 ； ＂Origanum＂ ； antifungal activity ； essential oil ； rice fungi pathogens

臺中區農業改良場研究彙報

122期（2014 / 03 / 01）

47 - 56

繁體中文

本研究主要目的在三種奧勒岡屬植物奧勒岡、日本馬約蘭及義大利馬約蘭（代號TMO、TMJ、TMI）於不同收穫期（105、120、135、150天）所萃取精油對水稻病原真菌包括紋枯病菌（＂Rhizoctonia solani＂, TCRS01）、小粒菌核病菌（＂Nakataea irregular＂, TCNI05）、秧苗立枯病菌（＂Sclertoium rolfsii＂, TCSR03）及胡麻葉枯病菌（＂Helminthosporium oryzae＂, TCHO02）之抑制效果，並評估最佳萃取時期。分析結果發現，測試精油濃度為0.5ml/ml與1ml/ml對水稻病原真菌試驗抑制效果，除＂R. solani＂抗菌試驗中TMO之150天及＂H. oryzae＂抗菌試驗中TMI之105天等萃取精油有顯著差異外（p＜0.01），其餘未達顯著差異；若精油濃度降至0.1ml/ml時，除＂H. oryzae＂抗菌試驗中TMI之105天及＂S. rolfsii＂抗菌試驗TMO之120天等萃取精油未達顯著差異，其餘皆有顯著差異。整體而言，三種不同奧勒岡屬植物間（TMO、TMJ、TMI）或不同收穫期萃取之精油對抑菌效果均有顯著性差異。建議未來研發植物保護製劑、保健食品及化妝品等產業上應用，宜針對病原菌種類選定特殊品種，並於適當收穫期採收之萃取精油，以獲得較佳之抑菌效果。

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate antifungal activity of essential oil prepared from three variety of the genus ＂Origanum＂ (TMO, TMJ, TMI) harvest on the different period (105, 120, 135 and 150 days). The rice fungi pathogens tested included: ＂Rhizoctonia solani＂ (TCRS01), ＂Nakataea irregular＂ (TCNI05), ＂Sclertoium rolfsii＂ (TCSR03) and ＂Helminthosporium oryzae＂ (TCHO02). The results showed that most antifungal indices did not differ between 0.5 and 1.0 ml/ml of essential oil treatments, except 2 treatments, the TMO harvested on 150 days against R. ＂solani＂ and TMI harvested on 105 days against ＂H. oryzae＂ were less effective (p ＜ 0.01). When essential oils was reduced to 0.1 ml/ml, antifungal effects varied significantly (p ＜ 0.01), except TMI harvest on 105 days against ＂H. oryzae＂ and TMO harvest on 120 days against ＂S. rolfsii.＂ In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of essential oils extracted from different harvest periods of the 3 different Oreganum species were significant different. For the anti-pathogen effects of essential oils to be used in health food and cosmetic industry, more research is needed. It is important to put an emphasis that essential oils extracted from different species at different harvest time can result in different antifungal activities against different pathogens.