由Fusarium solani複合種引起之西洋南瓜貯藏性果腐病及防治方法探討

Fruit Rot of Cucurbita maxima Caused by Fusarium solani Species Complex and Postharvest Disease Control

羅佩昕(Pei-Hsin Lo)；林煜恒(Yu-Heng Lin)；賴奕佐(Yi-Tso Lai)

西洋南瓜 ； 貯藏性病害 ； Fusarium solani複合種 ； 次氯酸水 ； Cucurbita maxima ； postharvest disease ； Fusarium solani species complex ； hypochlorous acid

臺中區農業改良場研究彙報

161期（2023 / 12 / 01）

45 - 56

繁體中文;英文

西洋南瓜（Cucurbita maxima）是全球普遍栽培的南瓜種類之一，臺灣地區夏秋季節產量低，為調節市場需求，可運用10-13℃低溫貯藏，以延長2-3個月貯藏壽命，然貯藏期間易發生貯藏性病害，造成損失。本研究為瞭解臺灣地區西洋南瓜於貯藏期間發生之病害，分析造成貯藏性病害之主要病原菌，對不同種南瓜（C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo）及對西洋南瓜不同品種之病原性，並測試以非農藥防治資材處理，降低貯藏期間果腐病之效果。結果顯示雲林縣西螺鎮南瓜集貨場發生之貯藏性病害，於病徵上觀察到Diaporthe spp.、Fusarium spp.、Stagonosporopsis spp.及Colletotrichum spp.等病原菌，其中以Fusarium solani複合種（Fusarium solani species complex, FSSC）所引起之果腐病為主，採集之菌株分別為FSSC 1（F. petroliphilum）與FSSC 3+4（F. falciforme），其對不同種的南瓜果實及西洋南瓜5種不同品種皆具有病原性。另於西洋南瓜12℃低溫貯藏前，以0.4 ppm次氯酸水處理，可顯著降低西洋南瓜貯藏性病害之發生。因此，未來於建立臺灣地區西洋南瓜果實低溫貯藏技術，可搭配採收後以次氯酸水處理，不僅可清潔表面，並可達到降低西洋南瓜貯藏期間病害發生之效果。

Cucurbita maxima Duch. is one of the most popular variety of pumpkin worldwide. In Taiwan, it showed low yield during summer to fall. That, low temperature storage could maintain the quality and extend the storage at least 3 months. The objectives of this study were to realize the main postharvest diseases of C. maxima in Taiwan, and analyze the pathogenicity of main pathogen to 3 varieties of pumpkin and 5 commercial cultivars of C. maxima. Furthermore, to establish non-chemical fungicide materials on controlling postharvest diseases of C. maxima. As the results, it showed that Diaporthe spp.、 Fusarium spp.、Stagonosporopsis spp. and Colletotrichum spp. were the main pathogens observed on the symptom of fruit rot during storage, and F. solani species complex (FSSC) was the most important pathogen. Two isolates from C. maxima in this study were divided into FSSC 1 (F. petroliphilum) and FSSC 3+4 (F. falciforme). They showed pathogenicity on the fruit of C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo, and 5 commercial cultivars of C. maxima. Moreover, the treatment of 0.4 ppm hypochlorous acid water showed the effect on decreasing disease incidence of postharvest diseases dominantly. Therefore, it is better to wash the fruit with hypochlorous acid water before low temperature storage of C. maxima. It could control the postharvest diseases efficiently.