台灣葡萄生產產期調節技術

The Production Season Regulation Techniques of Grapevine in Taiwan

10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0003

張致盛(Chih-Sheng Chang)；張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)；林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

葡萄 ； 產期調節 ； 技術 ； Grapevine ； Production season regulation ； Technique

臺中區農業改良場特刊

67號（2004 / 04 / 01）

37 - 53

繁體中文

葡萄屬於花芽分化較容易之果樹，可在一年之間生產多次果實，但溫帶地區由於溫度與日照之關係，葡萄生產並無法一年多收。在台灣利用獨特的氣候環境與地理條件，於不同產地配合不同時期修剪和催芽等技術，在60年代即成功的發展出多種產期調節模式，使得葡萄幾乎可以達到周年生產。台灣早期曾發展一年三收生產模式，分別在6月、10月及翌年2月收穫三次果實，突破傳統的葡萄生產技術。目前台灣最普遍的栽培模式分別在6∼7月生產夏果及12∼1月生產冬果之一年二收模式。一年一收栽培模式則有生產7∼8月之夏果、一年一收生產9∼10月之秋果及利用溫室設施栽培生產4∼5月春果等多種模式。產期調節技術可以調節葡萄產期，紓解盛產期集中之市場壓力，提高農民之收益。產期調節技術施行之後，因為同一植株必須在一年之間生產多次果實，而且因在不同產地、不同產期之生育過程受氣候環境等影響，衍生許多生理與栽培之問題，包括產期延長生長期而易受颱風或寒流等天然災害之危害，不同產期產量及品質不穩定，生育過程極易發生營養及結實之生理障礙等。在台灣為穩定產期調節技術及控制葡萄生產品質，必須配合催芽、控制枝條生長及調節合理結果量等多項技術之施行。

The flower bud differentiation in grapevine is easier than the other fruit trees, so it can produce multiple crops of grapes in a year. The grape production in temperate zone can not harvested multiple crops due to the restriction of temperature and irradiance. Taiwan has unique climatic environment and geographic conditions, combining with the techniques on pruning and bud-forcing in different periods and areas, many models of production season regulation were successfully developed in 1970s which made the grape production almost year-round. A breakthrough in the traditional grape production technique was the ”three-crops-a-year” model that developed during the early years in Taiwan, three crops of grapes harvested in June, October and the next February. The popular production model at present is harvest summer crop during June to July and harvest winter crop during December to January. There are three models for produce one crop a year, such as harvesting summer crop during July to August, harvesting autumn crop during September to October, and harvesting spring crop during April to May under PE-housing culture. The production season can be adjusted through the production regulation techniques, and to release the marketing pressure in the concentrated production period, therefore the farmers' income increased. Under applying production regulation techniques, the same grapevine bears many crops of grape in a year, on the other hand, the climate and environment affects the grapevine growth of different area and season, thus many problems in the physiology and cultivation occurred. The grapevines suffering the possible damages brought by the natural disasters such as typhoon and cold frost, so the yield and fruit quality was unsteady, and the physiological disorders in nutrition and fruiting occurred frequently during the growing season. In order to stabilize the production regulation techniques and to control the product quality of grape in Taiwan, the vineyard cultural techniques in bud-forcing, control of shoot growth and adjust of reasonable yield should be took into total consideration and operation.