葡萄產業沿革與栽培技術之發展

The History and the Cultural Technique Development of Grape Industry in Taiwan

10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0002

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

葡萄 ； 產業 ； 栽培技術 ； 發展 ； Grapevine ； Industry ； Culture technique ； Development

臺中區農業改良場特刊

67號（2004 / 04 / 01）

9 - 22

繁體中文

台灣葡萄栽培始於何時並無明確記載，可能是早期先民從大陸移居時攜入，最早有記載是康熙12年（1864）之栽培。台灣早期陸續引進許多優良品種，大多不能適應台灣的氣候，以致無法達到經濟栽培。民國42年公賣局為生產葡萄酒，推廣種植釀酒葡萄，使種植面積逐漸增加，初期產地在新竹、苗栗，民國50年代以後逐漸改種於台中、彰化及南投等地。鮮食葡萄在台灣光復初期仍保持業餘栽培，到民國51年以後有關機構自歐美或日本引進許多優良品種試種，才逐漸出現稍具經濟栽培規模的葡萄園。在民國57年之前葡萄栽培因栽培技術無法提升，產量及收益不高而遭到產業瓶頸，當時面積曾逐漸減少。民國58年葡萄受颱風侵襲，枝條折斷後再萌發帶有花穗之新梢，有許多農友模擬此現象，嚐試一年二收栽培，為台灣葡萄產期調節的肇始。由於當時對葡萄習性不瞭解，技術未成熟致產量與品質不穩定，在民國63年以後數年間栽培面積曾又減少。民國64年開發催芽技術及藥劑成功後，並將修剪延後到第一期採收後，在成熟枝9∼13節部位修剪，而發展成為目前生產夏果及冬果栽培模式。此後各研究單位參與各項田間應用技術之推廣與新型農藥的開發，而帶動葡萄產業快速發展。隨著國民所得提高，消費趨向果品高級化及 多樣化，加上進口水果在國內市場激烈競爭，今後除應調整產銷結構外，國產葡萄應朝向高級商品化之果品，以維持葡萄產業能永續發展。

There was no certain record about the origin of the cultivation of grapes in Taiwan, it might brought by the ancient immigrants from Mainland China, and a cultivation description on the grapes in 1864 (in Ching Dynasty) was the earliest historical record. Most of the good quality grape varieties introduced in the early years could not adapt to the climate of Taiwan, so the cultivation did not reach an economic scale. In 1953, the planting acreage started to increase as the result of the extension of wine grape cultivation for the wine making of Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau. The production area was restricted in Hsinchu county and Miaoli county in the beginning, and then gradually shifted to Taichung, Chuaghua and Nantou counties. The cultivation of table grapes in 1940s was in the status of non-professional cultivation scale, economic scale of cultivation appeared as many good quality grape varieties introduced by many organizations since 1962.Before 1968, the grape industry encountered a bottleneck because the cultural technique did not improve so the yield and income remained low, consequently the cultivation acreage decreased gradually. In 1969, the grapevines attacked by two Typhoons in the summer, but the new shoots that bore flower clusters emerged from the broken ends of the canes. The farmers simulated the natural phenomenon and tried to produce two crops in a year, thus the forcing culture of grape in Taiwan was started. Because the growers did not acquainted with the growth habit of grapevines and the techniques were not skilled at that time, thus caused the unsteady problems of the yield and fruit quality, the cultivation acreage decreased again in the next few years since 1974. In 1975, the cultural technique and chemical reagent were successfully developed, the summer pruning was delayed till the harvest of first crop had finished and pruned at 9-13 node of matured cane. As the results of these improvements, the present model for production of summer crop and winter crop was developed. Together with the involvement of the research organizations in the extension of the management techniques and development of new types of chemicals, the grape industry advanced greatly. In recent years, the national income increased and the consumers favor the high quality and diversified fruit products, and the domestic market is competed hard with the imported fruits. For the sustained development of the grape industry in the future, the structure of the production and marketing should be re-adjusted and the positioning of the domestic grape production should aim to high quality and commercialization.