番石榴病害防治技術之研究

The Study and Development of the Management Techniques for Guava Disease

10.29563/ZHWHGX.201109.0014

陳昱初(Yu-Chu Chen)；周浩平(Hau-Ping Chou)

番石榴立枯病 ； 根瘤線蟲 ； 放線菌 ； 萬壽菊 ； 整合式健康管理 ； guava wilt ； root knot nematode ； Streptomyces saraceticus ； african marigold ； integrated health management

臺中區農業改良場特刊

108號（2011 / 09 / 01）

197 - 215

繁體中文

番石榴病害繁多，且往往嚴重影響果實品質與產量，由於番石榴病蟲害之研究資料較少，故農友發生病蟲害之問題時，因缺少適當防治方法可供參考，往往聽信坊間偏方濫用藥劑，不僅未達病害防治之效，亦嚴重破壞環境生態。立枯病及根瘤線蟲為目前番石榴栽培之最大限制因子，尚未有推薦用藥，且農友在發覺植株異常時，往往已無法有效控制病害之發生及蔓延，高雄區農業改良場（以下簡稱本場）已開發出番石榴立枯病及根瘤線蟲之非農藥防治技術及管理模式，經田間試驗後確認可降低立枯病及根瘤線蟲之危害，本場開發之放線菌（Streptomyces saraceticus）固態介質，可施用於果樹根圈，亦可加水浸泡後進行修剪傷口保護，立枯病發病率僅有7%，相較對照組之43%具有顯著之改善，此一介質對根瘤線蟲防治效果亦佳，根瘤線蟲密度由原來之132二齡幼蟲數／100g土壤降至47二齡幼蟲數／100g土壤；此外亦開發萬壽菊忌避作物栽培模式，導入萬壽菊栽培之番石榴果園，根瘤線蟲密度已由原來之128二齡幼蟲數／100g土壤降至42二齡幼蟲數／100g，上述非農藥防治技術目前於高雄大社、燕巢等地區之番石榴果園已有具體防治效果，未來持續評估其成效。病害管理工作的落實，首先須培養整合式健康管理（Integrated health management）觀念，利用病原菌、寄主植物及環境等三者間交互影響的關係，種植最適宜之作物品種、作好田間衛生管理、改善栽培環境，適時配合化學藥劑或非農藥資材施用降低病原菌密度，均可達病害防治之理想。

This study aimed to assess the applicability of Streptomyces spp. in controlling Meloidogyne spp. and Myxosporium psidii on guava. Streptomyces strain, Streptomyces saraceticus (K400), were mixed with a previously developed synergist/diluent (composed of barley, rice husk, oyster shell powder, shrimp and crab shell powder, and corn powder) to make soil amendments. Effects of different soil amendments on disease control were evaluated from. Field trials showed that Streptomyces K400 provided the highest suppressive effects on Meloidogyne spp. With monthly application of the amendments, the density of 2nd instar larvae was decreased from 132 to 47 per 100 g soil. To understand long-term effects of the amendments, continued effort will be put into nematode monitoring. Streptomyces sp. were also found to be effective in controlling guava Myxosporium wilt. Applying the suspension of Streptomyces spp. on pruning-wounds helped reduce the incidence of Myxosporium wilt from 43% to 7%. It's also a good results to Applicate of African Marigold to control Meloidogyne spp. the density of 2nd instar larvae was decreased from 128 to 42 per 100 g soil. To implement the disease management, we must first develop an integrated health management (Integrated health management) concepts, planting the most suitable crop varieties, making the health management field, improving the cultural environment and using with the chemical fertilizer or pesticide materials to reduce pathogen density timely, the ideal of disease control could be realized.