番石榴農業經營成本及收益分析

The Study of Guava Farm Operated Cost and Revenue Analysis

10.29563/ZHWHGX.201109.0006

陳世芳(Shih-Fang Chen)

番石榴 ； 生產成本 ； 收益 ； guava ； production cost ； revenue

臺中區農業改良場特刊

108號（2011 / 09 / 01）

76 - 94

繁體中文

依據農糧署農產品生產成本調查報告，近五年番石榴生產成本以主產區高雄縣、彰化縣、嘉義縣、台南縣之加權平均統計分析，平均每公頃生產成本介於597,701元至609,543元，粗收益介於577,738元至776,845元，94、95年分別為淨損15,793元與28,904元，96年淨益47,455元，97年淨益165,254元，98年淨益167,302元，農家賺款介於378,710元至565,878元。以生產成本結構而言，各產區均以人工費居首位，肥料、農藥費居次，由於農家之賺款多來自自家勞動報酬，若過度依賴僱工，將會降低農家本身的勞動報酬。為期降低成本提昇市場競爭力，未來對提高經營效率，包括省工栽培，農機具有效利用與合理化施肥等降低產銷成本措施尤應加強輔導。建議番石榴之產銷管理需根據不同市場需求與消費者喜好，選擇市場接受度高，省工栽培，價格相對穩定之品種，並利用修剪及摘心調節產期。南部產區番石榴產期集中，中部地區多週年生產採收，為調整果農之生產習慣，農政單位近年來在生產面輔導農民加強疏果調節修剪期，用意在提高產品品質，降低單位面積產量，減少春、夏留果量，做好計畫產銷避免集中採收，減少供需短期失衡之損失風險，就能持盈保泰。

The following data were gathered via a survey on the production costs of agricultural products conducted by the Agriculture and Food Agency Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan. Over the past five years, the average production cost per hectare of guavas has ranged from 597,701 TWD to 609,543 TWD based on statistical analysis of the weighted averages of Kaohsiung County, Changhua County, Chiayi County and Tainan County, which are major guava production areas. Gross income ranged from 577,738 TWD to 776,845 TWD. In 2005 and 2006, net loss amounted to 15,793 TWD and 28,904 TWD, respectively. Net profit was 47,455 TWD in 2007, 165,254 TWD in 2008, and 167, 302 TWD in 2009. The income of farming households ranged from 378,710 TWD to 565,878 TWD.With regard to the structure of production costs, labor cost was the highest, followed by the cost of fertilizer and pesticide. Because the majority of income for farming households is from family labor remuneration, an excessive reliance on hired labor reduces labor remuneration for the household.To increase competitive capacity, various measures that enhance operational efficiency and reduce production costs, such as labor-saving methods of planting and cultivation,effective use of agricultural machinery, and fertilizer rationalization, should receive more emphasis.This study recommends that, according to different market requirements and consumer preferences, guava farms produce guava varieties that are stable in price, labor-saving methods of planting and cultivation, and have a high degree of market appeal. This study also suggests that guava farmers perform pruning and pinching to regulate harvest times.In south of Taiwan, harvest times are restricted to specific time period, while guavas are generally harvested whole year in central Taiwan. In recent years, to regulate the production practices of guava farmers, agriculture-related government units have been advising farmers to extend the pruning season of guava. The purpose of this is to enhance quality, reduce yield per unit area, and reduce the amount of fruit remaining in spring and summer. Proper planning of production and marketing, to avoid concentrated harvest periods and loss due to a short-term imbalance of supply and demand, is essential to retaining profit and stability.