水稻減碳生產技術策略

Strategies of rice production for carbon emission reduction

吳以健(Yi-Chien Wu)；廖崇億(Chong-Yi Liao)；鄧執庸(Chi-Yong Deng)；李誠紘(Chen-Hong Lee)；盧虎生(Huu-Sheng Lur)

水稻 ； 生命周期評估 ； 甲烷 ； 氧化亞氮 ； 間歇灌溉 ； 合理化施肥 ； Rice ； Life cycle assessment ； Methane ； Nitrous oxide ； Alternative wetting and drying ； Rationale fertilization

臺中區農業改良場特刊

151號（2023 / 10 / 01）

69 - 85

繁體中文;英文

水稻是臺灣最重要的糧食作物，其生命周期各階段會帶來溫室氣體排放，加劇氣候變遷與全球暖化。因此為抑制暖化朝2050年淨零碳排的目標進行，須先進行生命周期評估的碳排資訊建立，再依其中的「熱點」進行調整，以達到整體減碳。稻米生命周期的碳排熱點，在於田間栽培階段、加工碾米階段及運輸階段。田間栽培階段方面，可應用間歇灌溉、合理化施肥或肥料種類的選擇來降低甲烷與氧化亞氮排放；加工碾米階段，則可以採用稻殼混合烘乾技術來節能與減少二氧化碳；運輸階段，則可以在地生產或以大量運輸方式來減碳。總結以上，除了應用技術來減碳之外，仍應考量經濟層面的市場交易與社會層面的糧食分配，以達到最佳的減碳效益。

Rice is the most important food crop in Taiwan, and its life cycle will bring about greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change and global warming. Therefore, in order to curb global warming and move towards the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050, it is necessary to establish life cycle assessment carbon emission information first, and then adjust according to the "hot spots" in order to achieve overall carbon reduction. The carbon emission hotspots in the rice life cycle are in the field cultivation stage, rice processing and milling stage, and transportation stage. In the field cultivation stage, alternative wetting and drying irrigation, rationale fertilization or selection of fertilizer types can be applied to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions. In the rice processing and milling stage, rice husk mixed drying technology can be used to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide. In the transportation stage, local production or shipped in bulk to reduce carbon emissions. To sum up the above, in addition to the application of technology to reduce carbon emissions, market transactions at the economic level and food distribution at the social level should still be considered to achieve the best carbon reduction benefits.