影響成功老化行為之因素探討

Investigation of the Successful Aging for Community-dwelling Elders

10.6299/JHA.2017.4.2.R6.56

陳百岳(Chen, Bai-Yueh)；黃燕鈴(Huang Yen-Ling)；趙櫻花(Chao, Ying-Hua)；徐南麗(Hsu, Nan-Ly)；陳光慧(Chen, Kuang-Huei)

成功老化行為 ； 老化 ； successful aging behaviors ； aging

健康與建築雜誌

4卷2期（2017 / 06 / 01）

56 - 63

繁體中文

背景：加強長者對成功老化模式認知，不僅可正面影響長者本身之成功老化行為，更有助於對於社區成功老化行為推行。目的：探討影響成功老化行為及有關影響因素。方法：研究對象為台灣北部地區域選取願意提供的護理之家、養護機構與社區關懷機構，調查時間2017年1月1日至2017年4月30日，採結構式問卷以方便取樣收100份有效問卷。研究工具採用林麗惠(2013)「成功老化量表」，評估以健康自主、經濟保障、生活適應、社會及親友關係、學習和家庭與總整體層面的情形，以Likert五分法作答，總共60題。以SPSS 21.0軟體，進行資料處理與分析，信度採觀察員信度，效度採專家及內容效度。結果：成功老化行為整體平均為4.28，其中的健康自主平均為4.01；經濟保障平均為4.18；生活適應平均為4.03；社會及親友關係平均為4.57；學習層面平均為4.56；家庭層面平均為4.74。迴歸分析結果社區老年人的年齡、教育程度、居住狀態、慢性病與自覺健康共可解釋66％變異量。結論/實務應用：本研究結果除可找出引影響成功老化行為有關因素外，進而可提高長者在健康自主、經濟保障、生活適應、社會及親友關係、學習層面與家庭層面的分數及找出優缺點，以做為相關單位改善成功老化行為之參考。

Background: Strengthening elders on the cognition of successful aging model, not only could let elders understand positive impact of successful aging factors, but also influence to the implementation of the community successful aging behaviors. Purposes: To investigate successful aging behaviors and influencing factors. Methods: Nursing home, home care and community care organization dwelling residents in Taiwan northern region elders were chosen as sample size. It started from January1, 2017, and ended to April 30, 2017. There are total 60 questions structured questionnaires of ＂Successful Aging Scale＂ developed by Lin, L.H. (2013) was used to survey 100 community elders. SPSS 21.0 software was used as a tool to analyze the data. Observer's reliability, Experts' opinion and content validity were used as validity. Results: The total average score was 4.28 in which the Healthy and autonomous situation average score (4.01), the Economic security score (4.18), Life adaptation score (4.03), Social and family relations score (4.57), Learning level score (4.56), and Family level score (4.74). Regression Analysis showed that living environment state, ages, education level, chronic disease, self-awareness of healthy condition, these independent variables could explain 66% of total variance. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The study not only could find successful aging behaviors factors, but also could understand the advantages and weaknesses of elder patients with Healthy and autonomous situation, Economic security, Life adaptation, Social and family relations, Learning level, and family level. This research finding could be used as a reference for improvement of successful aging behavior.