學齡期兒童視力保健健康信念模式之探討

Investigation on Health Belief Model of the Vision Health Behavior for School-age Children

10.6299/JHA.2017.4.2.R7.64

倪翊茹(Ni, Yi-Ju)；顏暐晉(Yen, Wei-Chin)；游宣玫(Yu, Hsuan-Mei)；廖彥如(Liao, Yen-Ju)；鍾依蓁(Chung, I-Chen)；趙櫻花(Chao, Ying-Hua)

學齡期兒童 ； 健康信念模式 ； 視力保健行為 ； School - age children ； Health Belief Model ； vision care behavior

健康與建築雜誌

4卷2期（2017 / 06 / 01）

64 - 71

繁體中文

背景：近年兒童的近視問題越來越嚴重，遺傳與環境是重要導因。目的：以健康信念模式探討學齡期兒童視力保健之相關因素。方法：研究對象為竹苗地區學齡期兒童，調查時間為2016年10月20日至2016年11月20日，共100份有效問卷。研究工具為劉、熊、張(2015)自擬問卷，以SPSS 21.0軟體進行資料處理及分析。結果：知識得分總平均值為6.28 ± 2.15（總分9分），個人認知中平均值為3.50 ± 0.64；性別與近視的經驗有顯著差異(p=.032)。父親近視情形與行動線索有顯著差異(p=.022)。母親近視情形與行動可能性有顯著差異(p=.032)；也與近視的經驗有顯著差異(p=.027)。父親教育程度與個人認知有顯著差異(p=.022)及與自覺行動有顯著差異(p=.030)；跟視力保健行為有極為顯著差異(p=.000)，母親教育程度與視力保健行為有極為顯著差異(p=.000)。近視的知識與個人認知有低度相關(.248)；與視力保健行為有中度相關(.331)。結論/實務運用：學童近視的人口學特性、知識與經驗等影響個人健康信念，進而決定採取視力保健行為，建議增進其近視的知識並加強視力保健行為。

Background: In recent years, children's myopia problem is more and more serious, genetic and environmental factors are important. Purposes: To investigate the Health Belief Model for vision health behavior for School-age children. Methods: Subjects were residents of the Taiwan's Hsinchu and Miaoli region. The investigation period was from October 20, 2016 to November 20, 2016. This study utilized a structured questionnaire across a random sample, and 100 valid samples were collected. The Liu, Hsiung, & Chang (2015) questionnaires designed was used. SPSS 21.0 software was used for data processing and analysis. Results: The total knowledge score was 6.28 ± 2.15 (total score was 9), and the average was 3.50 ± 0.64. There was significant difference between sex and myopia (p = .032). There was a significant difference between father's myopia and behavioral cues (p = .022). Maternal myopia and conscious action were significantly different (p = .032); also with the experience of myopia was significantly different (p = .027). There is a significant difference between father's degree of education and personal cognition (p = .022); significant difference (p = .030) from conscious behavior; significant differences in visual health care behavior (p = .000), mothers' education and vision care there was a significant difference in behavior (p = .000). Knowledge of myopia was associated with a low degree of personal cognition (.248); moderate association with vision care behavior (.331). Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The demographic characteristics, knowledge and habit of myopia affect the personal health beliefs, and then decide to take vision care behavior, it is recommended to enhance their knowledge of myopia and strengthen visual health behavior.