財政與金融支農縮小了城鄉收入差距嗎？－基於協同效應與仲介效應的研究

DID FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SUPPORTS FOR AGRICULTURE NARROW DOWN URBAN-RURAL INCOME GAP?-A RESEARCH BASED ON SYNERGETIC EFFECT AND MEDIATING EFFECT

10.6338/JDA.202206_17(2).0003

聂丽(Nie Li)；石凯(Shi Kai)；庞博(Pang Bo)

新型城鎮化 ； 財政支農 ； 金融支農 ； 城鄉收入差距 ； New Urbanization ； Fiscal Support for Agriculture ； Financial Support for Agriculture ； Urban-rural Income Gap

Journal of Data Analysis

17卷2期（2022 / 06 / 01）

59 - 76

簡體中文

本文運用空間面板模型實證檢驗了財政支農、金融支農對城鄉收入差距的直接影響、協同效應與時空差异，揭示了新型城鎮化的仲介效應。研究發現：（1）城鎮化可顯著縮小城鄉收入差距；（2）提高金融支農效率可顯著縮小城鄉收入差距，但財政支農（無論效率、規模還是結構）卻在一定程度上擴大了城鄉收入差距；（3）財政、金融支農規模在2014年前後對縮小城鄉收入差距的協同效應均顯著為正，且可以借助城鎮化的仲介作用縮小城鄉收入差距；（4）從政策效果的時空差异看，無論是單個變數的縮小或擴大效應，還是變數間的協同效應、仲介效應均在2014年後變强；（5）東部地區財政金融支農對縮小城鄉收入差距的影響强於中、西部地區，而城鎮化的縮小效應在西部地區更顯著。囙此，應進一步發揮新型城鎮化的主導作用，注重財政金融政策的協調配合，提高城鎮化的仲介作用。

We build the spatial panel model to test the direct impacts and synergetic effects of new urbanization as well as fiscal and financial supports for agriculture on the urban-rural income gap, as well as their spatial and temporal difference, and reveal the mediating effect of urbanization. The empirical findings are interesting. (1) Urbanization is the important factor of narrowing down income gap. (2) In total sample analysis, enhancing the efficiency of financial support for agriculture is able to effectively narrow the income gap while fiscal support policies enlarge the income gap to some extent. (3) In subsample analysis, increasing the size of fiscal and financial supports could not only generate significantly positive synergetic effect on narrowing down income gap either before 2014 or after, but also work through the mediating effect of urbanization. (4) In terms of the spatial and temporal difference of policy effects, all effects no matter direct impacts, synergetic effect or mediating effect, have became stronger since 2014. (5) The effect of fiscal and financial support in the east is larger than that in the middle and west, while urbanization in the west reveals more powerful impact. Thus, in order to narrow down the income gap, new urbanization should play an important leading role. Meanwhile, fiscal and financial policies should be coordinated with each other and the mediating effect of urbanization should be paid more attention to. Furthermore, the structure of financial support should be optimized and the public service system in rural area should be improved.

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