多元權益關係人對海洋保護區治理之認知圖像：社會－生態系統觀點

Cognitive Mapping of Multi-Stakeholders' Perceptions on Marine Protected Area Governance: A Social-Ecological System Perspective

10.6544/JCD.202312_(37).0002

徐岡(Kang Hsu)；彭立沛(Li-Pei Peng)

海洋保護區 ； 社會－生態系統 ； 多元權益關係人 ； 決策實驗室分析法 ； 模糊認知圖 ； Marine Protected Area ； Social-ecological System (SES) ； Multi-stakeholders ； Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) ； Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM)

傳播與發展學報

37期（2023 / 12 / 31）

19 - 43

繁體中文;英文

基隆市望海巷潮境海灣資源保育區禁止任何方式的採捕活動。然而，此區域的海洋休憩活動蓬勃發展，缺乏政策介入與頻繁的人類活動造成環境退化，引發地方經濟發展與環保運動的衝突和擔憂。本研究認為在政策介入的海洋保護區設立後，應闡明保護區內的人類與自然之間的可能互動關係，將有助於釐清未來的潛在衝突，並可做為未來政策修正之參考。透過採用社會－生態系統的理論架構，本研究以模糊認知圖視覺化該系統中多元權益關係人所認知的社會－生態系統網絡結構，進而利用決策實驗室分析法來確認系統中各項社會、生態因子的角色定位。結果發現，多元權益關係人明顯感受到的政策干預帶來的效益，也發現遊憩、生計和環境管理之間權衡的必要性。因此，決策者需盤點海域空間使用需求、評估環境承載量、尋求產業轉型與環境保育間的權衡、促進多元權益關係人參與治理、運用科技執法、推廣公眾教育，以及進行科研調查。未來應持續掌握系統動態以利發掘潛在衝突，並及早擬定應對策略，這些將有助於提升當地社會－生態系統之韌性。

The Wanghaisiang Chaojing Bay No-take Zone in Keelung City prohibits any form of fishing or harvesting activities. However, marine recreational activities have thrived in this area, leading to conflicts and concerns arising from the human intervention of multi-stakeholders and the environmental degradation caused by human activities, triggering clashes and worries between local economic development and environmental conservation movements. This study claims that after the policy intervention of the no-take zone, the possible interaction between humans and nature in this no-take zone will help clarify potential conflicts in the future and can be used as a reference for future policy revisions. This study adopted a theoretical framework of social-ecological systems (SES), visualized the network structure of the SES using fuzzy cognitive mapping, and employed the Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to identify the role positioning of various social-ecological factors within the system. The results revealed that stakeholders perceptibly perceive the benefits of policy interventions and highlighted the necessity of balancing recreation, livelihood, and environmental management. The policy implications of these results suggested that decision-makers need to understand the spatial requirements of various activities in marine areas, assess environmental carrying capacity, seek for a balance between industrial transformation and environmental conservation, involve multiple stakeholders in governance, utilize technology for enforcement, promote public education, and conduct scientific research. In conclusion, it is crucial to continuously monitor the dynamics of the system in order to uncover potential conflicts and develop timely response strategies, which will contribute to enhancing the resilience of the local SES.