大專女性足球及籃球員側向跨步切入對下肢生物力學分析

Lower extremity biomechanical patterns during side-step cutting in Division I female college soccer and basketball players

10.3966/240996512017060401007

張博涵(Po-Han Chang)；黃長福(Chen-Fu Huang)；李佳美(Chia-Mei Li)；劉錦璋(Chin-Chang Liu)；柯柏任(Bo-Jen Ko)

踝關節外翻 ； 膝關節內旋 ； 前十字韌帶 ； ankle valgus angle ； knee internal rotation angle ； ACL

運動表現期刊

4卷1期（2017 / 06 / 01）

53 - 62

繁體中文

緒論：比較大專女性甲組籃球與足球運動員進行側向跨步切入之下肢動作策略，分析下肢段各關節角度及力矩等生物力學參數，並希望藉此作為球員與教練有關下肢傷害預防之課程。方法：20 名大專甲組運動員作為研究對象(籃球、足球員各10 名)，實驗使用一塊KISTLER 測力板、10 台紅外線攝影機及Vicon Nexus 1.81軟體同步擷取側向跨步切入動作，所得之數據經由Visual3D V5 軟體進行事後處理及運算，所有下肢生物力學參數使用SPSS 20.0 套裝軟體進行獨立樣本t 檢定 (α=.05)。結果：足球員有較大的著地瞬間踝關節蹠屈角度及髖關節外展角度、最大踝關節外翻角度、膝關節屈曲及內旋角度與膝關節屈曲及內旋角度變化量；在關節力矩部分，足球員有較大的踝關節外旋與髖關節內收力矩峰值，籃球員則有較大的踝關節蹠屈力矩峰值；地面反作用力部分，籃球員有較小的前後分力制動第一及第二峰值、垂直分力第一峰值及較大的前後分力推蹬力峰值。結論：足球員在進行跨步切入動作時，習慣前足著地方式進行急停，進而產生較高的地面反作用力，並增加膝關節屈曲角度進行緩衝，同時有較大的踝關節外翻角度及膝關節內旋角度，因此建議足球員多加強踝關節相關神經肌肉訓練；籃球員在切入過程中有較小的膝關節屈曲角度，建議在切入過程中增加膝關節緩衝之角度。

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in lower extremity kinematics and dynamics between college soccer and basketball players during a side-step cutting. Methods: Twenty Division I female college players (basketball, n=10; soccer, n=10) participated in this study. A Vicon ten-camera system and a Kistler force plate were used to collect the 45-degree side-step cutting tasks. Vicon Nexus 1.81 and Visual3D V5 software were used to process and calculate kinematic and dynamic data. An independent sample t-test was used to compare group differences (α=.05). Results: The results indicated soccer players had greater ankle plantar flexion and hip abduction angle when the foot made initial contact with the force plate. During the supporting phase, soccer players had greater peak ankle valgus, knee flexion and internal rotation angle, greater peak ankle external rotation and hip adductor moment; whereas, basketball players had greater peak braking ground reaction force and the first peak of vertical ground reaction force, but had smaller peak propulsive ground reaction force. Conclusion: It was concluded that, female soccer athletes are used to make sudden stops with the forefoot initial-contact with the ground during side-step cutting. Such a movement would generate higher ground reaction force; as a result, the knee flexion angle needs to be increased for impact absorption, moreover, ankle valgus and knee internal rotation angle would be greater. Therefore, this study suggests that female soccer athletes increase ankle neuromuscular training programs; as to the female basketball athletes who had smaller knee flexion angle during side-step cutting, we recommend increasing knee flexion angle to prevent non-contact ACL injury and enhancing knee neuromuscular training programs.

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