大學運動選手感恩對體育道德之預測：教練領導行為調節效果

The prediction of university athletes' gratitude on sportsmanship: The moderating effects of coach`s leadership behavior

10.3966/240996512017120402002

李宙縈(Chou-Ying Lee)；季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

利社會行為 ； 道德 ； 民主行為 ； 專制行為 ； moral ； autocratic behavior ； democratic behavior

運動表現期刊

4卷2期（2017 / 12 / 01）

79 - 85

繁體中文

緒論：近年來運動場域中道德行為頗受到關注，常有運動員為了勝利不擇手段，做出許多非體育道德行為。本研究目的探討感恩與體育道德間的關係及教練領導行為在感恩與體育道德間的調節效果。方法：係以大專院校運動運動選手共263位(男＝183，女＝80)為研究對象。研究工具包括感恩量表、運動領導量表與多維度體育道德量表擴展版等量表，問卷資料以皮爾遜積差相關與階層多元迴歸進行統計分析。結果：1、感恩可以正向預測體育道德；2、知覺教練領導行為中的專制行為會調節感恩對體育道德之預測；3、知覺教練領導行為中的民主行為會調節感恩對體育道德之預測。結論：提升運動員感恩及對於低感恩運動員宜展現教練領導行為中的民主行為，避免教練領導行為中的專制行為，以利未來對於運動競技場域中，促使運動競技選手更有運動道德，也促使賽事更加順利、圓滿。

Introduction: Sports ethics has been attracting attention in recent years, we often learn that many athletes did unethical behaviors unscrupulously in order to win. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gratitude and sports ethics, also the moderating effects of coach's leadership style between above variables. Method: This study empirically measured the variables in college students using personal basic information, Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ), Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) and the Extended version of the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale (EMSOS), estimated by use of pearson product-moment correlation and multiple hierarchical regression analysis to analyze data. Results: a) Gratitude can positively predict prosocial behavior. b) Autocratic behavior in perceived coach leadership style will modified the prediction between gratitude and sport moral behavior. c) Democratic behavior in perceived coach leadership style will modified the prediction between gratitude and sport moral behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we highly recommended enhancing athlete's gratitude, promote democratic behavior in coach leadership style to those perform lower gratitude behavior athletes, and avoid autocratic behavior in coach leadership style. Make the best effort to improve athletes having sports moral in competition will promote the sports event more impartiality in the future.

1. Chelladurai, P.,Saleh, S. D.(1980).An official publication of the North American Society for the psychology of sport and physical activity.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2(1),34-45.
2. Chen, L. H.,Kee, Y. H.(2008).Gratitude and adolescent athletes' well-being.Social Indicators Research,89(2),361-373.
3. Deci, E. L.,Ryan, R. M.(2000).The "What" and "Why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior.Psychological Inquiry,11(4),227-268.
4. Duda, J. L.,Olson, L. K.,Templin, T. J.(1991).The relationship of task and ego orientation to sportsmanship attitudes and the perceived legitimacy of injurious acts.Journal of Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,62(1),79-87.
5. Hodge, K.,Gucciardi, D. F.(2015).Antisocial and prosocial behavior in sport: The role of motivational climate, basic psychological needs, and moral disengagement.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,37(3),257-273.
6. Kleiber, D. A.,Roberts, G. G.(1981).An official publication of the North American Society for the psychology of sport and physical activity.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,3(2),114-122.
7. Kohn, A.(1992).No contest: The case against competition.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
8. Kurtines, W. M.(Ed.),Gewirtz, J. L.(Ed.)(1991).Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
9. McCullough, M. E.,Emmons, R. A.,Tsang, J. A.(2002).The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,82(1),112-127.
10. McCullough, M. E.,Kilpatrick, S. D.,Emmons, R. A.,Larson, D. B.(2001).Is gratitude a moral affect?.Psychological Bulletin,127(2),249-266.
11. McCullough, M. E.,Kimeldorf, M. B.,Cohen, A. D.(2008).An adaptation for altruism? The social causes, social effects, and social evolution of gratitude.Current Directions in Psychological Science,17(4),281-285.
12. McCullough, M. E.,Tsang, J. A.,Emmons, R. A.(2004).Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,86(2),295-309.
13. Michie, S.(2009).Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders.Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,15(4),393-403.
14. Stornes, T.,Bru, E.(2002).Sportspersonship and perceptions of leadership: An investigation of adolescent handball players' perceptions of sportspersonship and associations with perceived leadership.European Journal of Sport Science,2(6),1-15.
15. Vallerand, R. J.,Briere, N. M.(1997).Development and validation of the multidimensional sportspersonship orientations scale.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,19(2),197-206.
16. Vallerand, R. J.,Losier, G. F.(1994).An official publication of the North American Society for the psychology of sport and physical activity.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,16(3),229-245.
17. West, S. G.,Aiken, L. S.,Krull, J. L.(1996).Experimental personality designs: Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interactions.Journal of Personality,64(1),41-48.
18. Wood, A. M.,Joseph S.,Linley, P. A.(2007).Coping style as a psychological resource of grateful people.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,26(9),1076-1093.
19. 王巧涵、陳坤虎(2012)。青少年感恩與心理健康、利社會行為之關連。臨床心理學刊，6(1)，11-11。
20. 許義雄(1989)。運動教練的角色─就人本主義觀點談起。中華體育季刊，3，60-62。
21. 鄭志富(1997)。運動教練領導行為研究取向。中華體育季刊，1，22-31。

1. 蔡進雄(2019)。校長的正向心理資本：國民中小學校長感恩量表建構與發展初探。教育科學期刊，18(2)，131-157。
2. 陳龍弘,許詩淇(2022)。運動員感恩：從個別差異到團隊氣候。中華體育季刊，36(2)，189-200。
3. 鍾佳芸,黃崇儒,翁正芬(2022)。知覺教練場上行為與青少年運動員利社會及反社會行為之關係：道德解離。臺大體育學報，43，29-40。
4. 鍾沛涵,陳柏青,丁學勤(2020)。國小學生知覺教師正向領導對學生學術樂觀之影響：以學生感恩為中介變項。教育學誌，44，1-41。