三種踏板踩踏高度對蹲踞式起跑之影響

The effects of three different heights of block tread on running performance during crouch starting

10.3966/240996512018120502002

游立椿(Li-Chun Yu)；蔡虔祿(Chien-Lu Tsai)

生物力學 ； 田徑 ； 短距離 ； 起跑架 ； biomechanics ； track & field ； short distance ； starting block

運動表現期刊

5卷2期（2018 / 12 / 01）

59 - 66

繁體中文

緒論：本研究主要目的為瞭解三種踏板踩踏高度蹲踞式起跑對起跑動作技術之影響。方法：以高速攝影機(120Hz)拍攝6位高中短距離選手從鳴槍出發至第一步著地的影像，並使用Kwon3D影像動作軟體進行分析，所得運動學參數以無母數統計弗里曼二因子等級變異數分析檢定三種踏板踩踏高度，分別為1.貼齊踏板下緣(H0)；2.離踏板下緣5公分高(H5)；3.離踏板下緣10公分高(H10)，對選手蹲踞式起跑技術上的差異，如有達顯著水準，則進行事後比較，顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：前腳蹬離踏板時間H0 (0.99±0.07s比H5:1.01±0.07s)與H10 (1.07±0.05s)快，鳴槍至第一步著地重心位移H0 (0.91±0.07m)比H10 (0.86±0.07m)及H5 (0.87±0.07m)長，第一步步幅H10 (1.43±0.07m)比H0 (1.38±0.08m)及H5 (1.40±0.06m)長。結論：選手使用不離地的踏板高度H0可以減短第一步離板時間，然而本研究發現H10踏板高度雖然會增長前腳對踏板的推蹬時間，但也可以進而提升第一步步幅。因此建議選手可調整出最適合自己的起跑架踏板踩踏高度，加強前腳推蹬踏板能力，讓前腳能達到發揮最大力量並強化身體重心水平位移的能力。

Introduction: This main purpose of this study is to detect the effects of 3 blocks tread height of crouch start. Methods: A high speed camera (120Hz) was used to take high quality videos on six high school sprinters. The average age of the sprinters is 17±0.69 years, height 1.75±0.05 meters, weight 64.83±5.24kg, training age 7±0.53 years and their 100 meter PB (personal best record) were 11.36±0.45 seconds respectively. Motions between starting shot and first step was analyzed using Kwon 3D software. All the variables were tested using nonparametric statistical test, the Friedman two-way analysis of variance with post-hoc comparison, the significant levels was set at .05. Results: The front-foot push-off time of H0 (0.99±0.07s) is shorter than the time of H5 (1.01±0.07s) and H10 (1.07±0.05s). From start to the first step, the COM (center of mass) displacement of H0 (0.91 ± 0.07m) was greater than the displacement of H10 (0.86 ± 0.07m) and H5 (0.87 ± 0.07m). The first-step stride length of H10 (1.43±0.07m) was longer than the length of H0 (1.38±0.08m) and H5 (1.40±0.06m). Conclusions: It is recommended for sprinters to use H10 technique. H10 technique can increase the front-foot push-off time, therefore, enhance the first-step stride length. Adjusting the most suitable position of starting block for the sprinters can strengthen the ability of front-foot push-off. Increased front-foot push-off strength can maximize the horizontal COM displacement.

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