預先等長收縮對降低運動選手膝屈肌群離心運動引起肌肉損傷之效果評估

Effects of maximal isometric contractions on attenuating eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the knee flexors of athletes

10.3966/240996512019030601001

蔡舜璽(Shun-His Tsai)；陳忠慶(Trevor-C Chen)；何智巧(Chih-Chiao Ho)；曾國維(Kuo-Wei Tseng)；賴建翰(Jian-Han Lai)

同側重複訓練效應 ； 預先運動訓練效果 ； 最大等速向心收縮肌力 ； 延遲性肌肉酸痛 ； 血液肌酸激酶 ； ipsilateral repeated bout effect ； preconditioning effect ； maximal voluntary isometric contractions ； delayed onset muscle soreness ； plasma creatine kinase

運動表現期刊

6卷1期（2019 / 03 / 01）

1 - 9

繁體中文

緒論：從事離心運動或是不習慣的運動方式後，容易引發延遲性肌肉痠痛現象（DOMS），目前研究顯示在最大離心運動（MAX）前，先進行一回合最大自主等長收縮（ISO）能降低離心運動引起的肌肉損傷。先前文獻主要針對未接受過訓練之坐式生活者作為研究對象，目前較少以運動選手做為研究對象進行探討。因此本研究目的為探討「運動選手膝屈肌群（KF）進行預先ISO，對降低隨後進行一回合MAX引起肌肉損傷效果之影響」。方法：招募16名男子選手（年齡：19.8±1歲）做為研究對象，並將以前測最大等速向心收縮肌力（MVC-CON）值做為配對隨機分組方式，分配至：控制組、實驗組（n＝8／組）之中。其中，實驗組先採用非慣用側KF進行一回合10次ISO（在膝關節彎曲20°），間隔兩天後繼續使用同側KF進行一回合10組×10次MAX（30°／s）；而控制組僅使用非慣用腳KF進行一回合10組×10次MAX。依變項包含：MVCCON、延遲性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）、大腿圍（CIR）、膝關節活動範圍（ROM）、血液肌酸激酶活性（CK）。這些依變項在ISO前、後第0、1、2天以及在MAX前、後第0～5天（每隔24小時）各測一次。將以二因子混合設計變異數分析，考驗每個依變項在組別、時間與組別x時間的差異情形。結果：實驗組進行10次ISO後，均沒有使MVC-CON、DOMS、CIR、ROM和CK產生明顯的改變（p＞0.05）。但是，在間隔2天休息之後，實驗組繼續進行一回合MAX時，MVC-CON（-0%～-24%）與CK（峰值：1998U／L）都明顯比只做一回合MAX的控制組（-10％～-36%、9833U／L）所產生的反應來得小（p＜.05），而DOMS、CIR和ROM的變化程度則是無顯著差異（p＞.05）。結論：研究結果顯示，讓運動選手先以非慣用側膝屈肌群進行10次ISO並不會引起肌肉細微損傷，隨後第二天以同側膝屈肌群進行一回合MAX時，能部分降低引起肌肉損傷的效果。因此，本研究採用預先等長收縮的模式不會引起肌肉傷害，可提供給運動選手做為未來預防運動訓練引起肌肉傷害的參考方式。

Introduction: Performing maximal voluntary isometric contractions (ISO) before maximal eccentric exercise (MAX) would attenuate the eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Previous studies have shown the effects on untrained individuals. However, no previous study has investigated the effects on athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of ISO on attenuating muscle damage after MAX performed by the knee flexors in athletes. Methods: Sixteen male athletes (age 19.8 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group (n = 8 per group) by matching the baseline maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric contraction (MVC-CON) peak torque across the groups. Subjects in the experimental group performed 10 ISOs of the non-dominant knee flexors (20° flexion) 2 days prior to 100 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions (30°/s) of the ipsilateral knee flexors, while the subjects in the control group performed MAX without 10 ISOs of the non-dominant knee flexors. The dependent variables included MVC-CON peak torque, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), thigh circumference (CIR), range of motion (ROM), and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. These variables were measured before, immediately after, on the first day, and on the second day after ISO as well as before, immediately after, and on the 1^(st) to the 5^(th) day (measured every 24 hours) after MAX. Data were analyzed by a two-way mixed-design ANOVA. Results: No significant changes observed in MVC-CON, DOMS, CIR, ROM and CK in the experimental group after 10 ISOs (p＞0.05). However, when conducting MAX after a two-day rest, the MVC-CON (-0%~-24%) and CK (peak value: 1998 U/L) of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (-10%~-36%, 9833U/L). There were no significant difference in changes in DOMS, CIR and ROM (p＞.05) after MAX between groups. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that preconditioning athletes' knee flexor muscles with 10 ISOs does not cause muscle damage, but partially attenuates muscle damage induced by subsequent MAX. Therefore, the preconditioning of this study does not cause muscle damage and the method can be provided as a reference for preventing muscle damage caused by exercise training for athletes in the future.

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