Load-Velocity Relationships in the Back Squat: The Influence of Relative Strength

相對肌力對於後蹲舉動作「負荷－速度」關聯的影響

10.3966/240996512021030801001

Kimitake Sato；Thaddeus J. Light；John Abbott；Keith Painter；Jeremy Gentles；Caleb Bazyler；David Szymanski

back squat ； velocity ； strength ； load-velocity relationships ； concentric velocity ； 後蹲舉 ； 速度 ； 肌力 ； 「負荷－速度」關聯 ； 向心收縮速度

運動表現期刊

8卷1期（2021 / 03 / 01）

1 - 12

英文

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of relative strength levels on load-velocity relationships in the back squat (BS). Methods: Healthy male participants (N=18) experienced in the BS performed at relative intensity (as %1RM) intervals of their estimated one-repetition maximum (1RM) up to their maximal effort. Participants were then grouped according to relative strength (1RM/body mass) into weak or strong. A comparison was made using a 2x8 (group by relative intensity) repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) to identify group effects and intensity zone effect on mean concentric velocity (MCV) of the BS. Results: A significant within-subjects difference was shown between weak vs. strong [F(2.973,57.568) = 298.604, p ＜ .001]. However, contrary to what was hypothesized, weaker participants tended to perform at higher velocities across all intensity zones. Group difference on MCV was different in trend, but not found as significance [F(1,16) = 3.212, p = .092]. Conclusion: Although group difference was not found as significant effect, strength and conditioning professionals should be advised that velocity characteristics of the BS may differ between individuals of different strength levels throughout %1RM ranges. Periodic testing and monitoring of individual athletes may be required in order to capture physical gain due to strength improvement and use of velocity as a tool for training prescription.

目的：本研究目的旨在探討不同肌力水準對後蹲舉「負荷－速度」關係的影響。方法：實驗招募十八名健康男性，取得他們的估測最大肌力值後，分別進行八個不同強度（不同相對最大肌力百分比）的最大努力後蹲舉測試。受試者依據相對力量比（最大肌力／體重）分為相對強與相對弱兩個類別。以重複測量單因子方法檢驗：強弱兩組別與八種不同相對強度，對於後蹲舉動作中平均向心收縮速度的影響。結果：組內效應達到顯著差異[F(2.973,57.568) = 298.604, p ＜ .001]。然而，與研究假設不同的是，肌力相對弱組，在各不同相對強度的向心收縮速度上，皆較肌力相對強組為高。在組間差異（平均向心收縮速度），則未達統計上顯著[F(1,16) = 3.212, p = .092]。結論：本研究結果雖然顯示平均向心速度在肌力相對強弱兩個類別中不存在顯著差異，肌力體能專家仍應注意，在不同肌力水準的族群中，後蹲舉的速度表現特徵上，可能會存在個體間差異。為了獲得體能提升等相關訊息，在執行以速度參數作為觀察工具的訓練課表中，週期性的檢測與監控運動員是必要的。

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