多環芳香烴化物暴露對煉焦勞工氧化傷害評估研究

Oxidative Stress Evaluation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposed Coke-Oven Workers

潘致弘(Chih-Hong Pan)；賴錦皇(Ching-Huang Lai)；吳明蒼(Ming-Tsang Wu)

多環芳香烴化物 ； 煉焦勞工 ； 尿液中1-羥基焦腦油 ； 尿液中8-羥基-2-去氧鳥嘌呤核甘 ； Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； Coke oven workers ； Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene ； Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine

勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊

23卷3期（2015 / 09 / 15）

290 - 310

繁體中文

煉焦爐勞工長期暴露煉焦爐排放物，其中對健康影響最為嚴重者為多環芳香烴化物（PAHs），PAH除了會導致肺癌等呼吸道癌症之外，亦有可能導致泌尿系統癌症、皮膚癌與神經系統損失等疾病，本研究針對台灣某鋼鐵公司煉焦作業勞工進行橫斷面流行病學研究，由問卷調查區分為爐頂煉焦勞工（高暴露組，N=110）、爐側煉焦勞工（低暴露組，N=182）。暴露偵測包括16種PAHs，及以尿液中的1-羥基焦腦油（1-OHP）作為PAH的內在劑量暴露指標，並以尿液8-羥基-2-去氧鳥嘌呤核甘（8-OHdG）作為DNA氧化傷害指標。資料分析以線性混合效應迴歸模式評估員工之尿液中8-OHdG與1-OHP的相關性。研究結果顯示，爐頂煉焦勞工個人採樣空氣中之PAHs濃度、尿液中8-OHdG、1-OHP濃度皆顯著高於爐側煉焦勞工。以線性混合效應迴歸模式分析顯示：在校正其他干擾因子後，尿液中1-OHP、爐頂煉焦工作為尿液中8-OHdG的二個顯著影響因子，尿液中1-OHP、爐頂煉焦工作為PAHs暴露造成DNA氧化傷害的良好預測因子；本研究結果並指出煉焦勞工的DNA氧化傷害與暴露PAHs有顯著相關。

Coke oven workers have long-term been exposed to coke oven emissions (COEs). PAHs are important components of COEs that caused most seriously health effects among coke oven workers. Long-term exposure to PAH concentrations has been associated with lung cancer, respiratory cancer, urinary system cancer, skin cancer, and neurological diseases. This study conducted a cross-sectional epidemiology research for coke oven workers in a steel company in Taiwan. Based on job titles obtained from responses to the questionnaire survey, the coke oven workers were classified into two groups, including topside-oven workers (high exposure group, N=110), and side-oven workers (low exposure group, N=182). We quantified human subject exposure to 16 PAHs by using personal dosimetry. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was used as an internal dose of exposure to PAHs, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as an oxidative DNA damage marker. The relationship between workers' 8-OHdG and 1-OHP levels was estimated using linear mixedeffects models. Airborne PAHs levels in topside-oven workers significantly exceeded those in sideoven workers. The topside-oven workers' geometric mean levels of urinary 8-OHdGand 1-OHP were significantly higher than those of side-oven workers, respectively. Urinary 1-OHP level, and work in topside-oven, gender were two significant predictors of urinary 8-OHdG levels, after adjustments are made for covariates. Oxidative DNA damage was associated with exposure of coke oven workers to PAHs.

1. Boogaard, PJ,Sittert, NJ.(1994).Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemical industries by measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene.Occupational and Environmental Medicine,51,250-8.
2. Burgess, WA(1981).Recognition of health hazards in industry-A review of materials and processes.New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
3. Cherng, SH,Huang, KH,Yang, SC,Wu, TC,Yang, JL,Lee, H.(2002).Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 mRNA expression as an oxidative stress exposure biomarker of cooking oil fumes.Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,65,265-78.
4. Cooke, MS,Herbert, KE,Butler, PC,Lunec, J.(1998).Further evidence for a possible role of conformation in the immunogenicity and antigenicity of the oxidative DNA lesion, 8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine.Free Radical Research,28,459-69.
5. Grimmer, G.(1983).Environmental Carcinogens; Polycylic Aromat ic Hydrocarbons.Environmental Science & Technology,24,1581-85.
6. Hong, YC,Park, HS,Ha, EH.(2000).Influence of genetic susceptibility on the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine of firefighters.Occupational and Environmental Medicine,57,370-5.
7. Josephson, J.(1984).Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.Environmental Science& Technology,18,93.
8. Kang, D,Rothman, N,Cho, SH,Lim, HS,Kwon, HJ,Kim, SM(1995).Association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (estimated from job category) with concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide in urine from workers at a steel plant.Occupational Environmental Medicine,52,593-9.
9. Kuang, D,Zhang, W,Deng, Q,Zhang, X,Huang, K,Guan, L(2013).Dose-response relationships of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and oxidative damage to DNA and lipid in coke oven workers.Environmental Science & Technology,47,7446-56.
10. Lagorio, S,Tagesson, C,Forastiere, F,Iavarone, I,Axelson, O,Carere, A(1994).Exposure to benzene and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a biological marker of oxidative damage to DNA.Occupational Environmental Medicine,51,739-43.
11. Lin, YC,Pan, CH,Chen, CJ,Wu, KY,ChangChien, GP,Ho, CK(2006).Associations between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and temporal change of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in Taiwanese cokeoven workers.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,48,930-6.
12. Loft, S,Fischer-Nielsen, A,Jeding, IB(1993).8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a urinary biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.Journal of Toxicology Environmental Health,40,391-404.
13. Pan, CH,Chan, CC,Huang, YL,Wu, KY.(2008).Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and malondialdehyde in male workers in Chinese restaurants.Occupational and Environmental Medicine,65,732-5.
14. Pan, CH,Chan, CC,Wu, KY.(2008).Effects on Chinese Restaurant Workers of Exposure to Cooking Oil Fumes: a Cautionary Note on Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine.Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention,17,3351-7.
15. Pavanello, S,Clonfero, E.(2000).Biological indicators of genotoxic risk and metabolic polymorphisms.Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research,463,285-308.
16. Robinson, FP,Patterson, CC.(1985).Changes in liver function test after propofo ('Diprivan').Postgraduate Medical Journal,61(Suppl 3),160-1.
17. Schulte, KA,Larsen, DJ,Hornung, RW,Crable, JV(1974).Report on analytical methods used in a coke oven effluent study.Cincinnati, Ohio:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
18. Schulte, KA,Larsen, DJ,Hornung, RW,Crable, JV.(1975).Analytical methods used in a study of coke oven effluent.American Industrial Hygiene Associatior Journal,131-9.
19. Staal, YC,van Herwijnen, MH,Pushparajah, DS(2007).Modulation of gene expression and DNA-adduct formation in precision-cut liver slices exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of different carcinogenic potency.Mutagenesis,22,55-62.
20. Wu, MT,Pan, CH,Huang, YL,Tsai, PJ,Chen, CJ,Wu, TN.(2003).Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 1-hydroxypyrene in coke-oven workers.Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,42,98-105.