關於臺灣勞動市場調整之政策創新與策略遠見－應用設計思考方法最大化智慧工作價值創造

Policy Innovation and Strategic Foresights Regarding Labour Market Realignment in Taiwan- Applying Design Thinking Method for Scenario Planning to Maximise Value Creation by the Smart People

林志興(Jason Lin)

勞動市場 ； 公共服務創新 ； 設計思考 ； 數據驅動創新 ； 人才多樣化 ； Labour market ； Public service innovation ； Design thinking ； Data-driven-innovation ； Talent diversity

勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊

27卷2期（2019 / 06 / 15）

71 - 82

繁體中文

面對勞動市場重新配置的嚴峻挑戰和機遇，勞動及人力資源發展專業人員需要知道如何重新開發及促進勞動力，特別是高技能勞動者的創造新價值。設計思考的目標是使勞工管理部門具備創新的方式方法，以應對當前的挑戰，如全球化競爭、數位破壞、工資增長停滯、青年失業和人才流失等議題。設計思考的關鍵是採用發散和收斂思維，以產生許多新的洞察，然後將其統合到潛在的創新視野中。如果勞動管理部門要重申和促成臺灣人才的價值創造，就應該運用設計思考方法來描繪當前勞動市場的格局，從而支援這一舉措。本文重點討論三個主題：1.勞動行政部門為什麼要注重設計思考？2.在提供公共服務時，設計思考的新價值是什麼？3.管理勞動市場部門如何有效運用設計思考？設計思考應該採用於勞動市場管理領域以發揮槓桿作用，提出新的解決方案，提升政策計畫研究成果的接受率與影響力。建議採取創新策略，例如（1）設計驅動的創新（Design-driven innovation）、（2）資料驅動的創新（Data-driven innovation）和（3）注重人才多樣性（Talent diversity），以提高競爭力，從而加快增強對人的賦能，以及在經濟的包容性和公平性增長。

Facing severe challenges and opportunities for re-configuring of the labor market, labour and human resources development professionals need to know how to re-develop and facilitate the new value creation by the workforce, especially highly skilled labour. The goal of design thinking is to equip the labour administration with an innovative ways and means to meet current challenges, such as globalized competition, digital disruption, stagnant wages growth, youth unemployment and brain drain. The key to design thinking is adopting a divergence and convergent thinking to generate multiple new insights and then synthesize them into potential new horizons for innovation. If the labour administration is to reaffirm and enable the value creation of the Taiwanese talents, it will be beneficial to support the initiative by applying design thinking methods to map the landscape of the current labour market. This article focuses on three topics: 1. why should the labor administration pay attention to design thinking? 2. What are the new values of design thinking in delivering public services? 3. How to effectively apply design thinking in the field of labor market administration? Design thinking should be used in the field of labor market management by leveraging, proposing new solutions, increasing the take up rate and impact of policy research, and that of policy plans. It is recommended to adopt innovative strategies such as 1.Design-driven innovation, 2. Data-driven innovation and 3. focusing on Talent diversity to enhance competitiveness in order to accelerate empowering of people and inclusiveness and equity of economic growth.

1. 中華民國統計資訊網。取自: https://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=43612&ctNode=6395&mp=4。擷取時間2019.4.20。
2. Global Talent Competitiveness Index. The Global Talent Competitiveness Index -Talent and Technology. GTCI; 2017.詳參：https://www.insead.edu/news/2017-global-talent-competitiveness-index-davos
3. 勞動部資訊網。取自：https://www.mol.gov.tw/announcement/2099/37264/。擷取時間2019.4.23。
4. Allio, L(2014).,UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence.
5. Cronholm, S,Gobel, H,Rittgen, P(2017).Challenges Concerning Data-Driven Innovation.Australasian Conference on Information Systems
6. Design Council(2018).,Design Council.
7. European Union(2013).Powering European Public Sector Innovation: Towards A New Architecture.EU.
8. Farrell D, Goodman A. Government by design: Four principles for a better public sector. McKinsey & Company；2013. 詳參：https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/government-by-design-four-principles-for-a-better-public-sector。擷取時間2019.4.23。
9. Global Talent Competitiveness Index(2018).The Global Talent Competitiveness Index Diversity for Competitiveness.GTCI.
10. IDEO, Design for Europe & Nesta.Designing for Public Services: a practical guide.IDEO； 2017取自：https://www.nesta.org.uk/toolkit/designing-for-public-services-a-practical-guide/。擷取時間2019. 4.23。
11. McKinsey Global Institute(2019).Globalization in transition: The future of trade and value chains.MGI.
12. Mintrom M, Luetjens J. Integrating design thinking into policymaking processes offers great value for citizens and government. LSE Impact Blog ; 2016. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/11/08/integrating-design-thinking-into-policymaking-processes-offers-great-value-for-citizens-and-government/擷取時間2019.4.23。
13. MIT Technology Review Insights . From innovation to monetization: The economics of data-driven transformation. MIT Technology Review Insights；2019. 取自：https://s3.amazonaws.com/files.technologyreview.com/whitepapers/MITTR_Hitachiv6.pdf。擷取時間 2019.4.23。
14. Sheppard, B.,Kouyoumjian, G.,Sarrazin, H.,Dore, F(2018).The Business Value of Design.McKinsey Quarterly
15. Slater J.‘User-centred’– more than a slogan. GOV.UK Blog Civil Service；2018. 取自 : https://civilservice.blog.gov.uk/2018/11/22/user-centred-https://www.more-than-a-slogan/。擷取時間2019.4.23。
16. World Economic Forum. How governance is changing in the 4IR. 詳參https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/agile-governance-changing-4ir-public-private-emerging-technologies.
17. 吳惠林,杜英儀(2013)。當前就業市場情勢分析。就業安全半年刊，102年(1)
18. 李健鴻：當前青年就業問題與對策之探討。經濟部人才快訊電子報 ；2013。取自：http://itriexpress.blogspot.com/2013/12/blog-post_1156.html。擷取時間2019.4.20。
19. 陳華焜：2018台灣20大國際品牌揭曉智慧科技續延燒。經濟日報；2018。取自：https://money.udn.com/money/story/5635/3516052。擷取時間2019.4.23
20. 彭素玲,陳筆,黃春長(2017)。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所委託研究勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所委託研究,勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。
21. 曾鳴：創意、大數據，掀商業模式革命。SmartM；2017. 取自https://www.smartm.com.tw/article/33323134cea3。擷取時間2019.4.23。
22. 漢寶德(2012).設計型思考.台灣省台北市:聯經出版.
23. 維克托‧邁爾-舍恩伯格,托馬斯‧拉姆什(2018).數據資本時代.中國北京:中信出版社.
24. 橫田幸信(2018).最強創意思考課─從藍海策略到破壞式創新,凌駕AI的創新思維.台灣省台北市:遠見天下文化.
25. 賴偉文,辛炳隆,陳晏羚(2015)。勞動部委託研究勞動部委託研究,勞動部。

1. 蔡進士,陳威宇(2023)。臺灣創業教育發展歷程－在大學中打造創業之路。觀光產業與航空管理期刊，6(1)，38-66。