事業單位通風系統管理作為調查

Investigation on the Management of Ventilation Systems in Public Institutions

張宥恩(Yu-En Chang)；戴聿彤(Yu-Tung Dai)；張振平(Cheng-Ping Chang)；陳春萬(Chun-Wan Chen)

通風系統 ； 性能評估 ； 職業衛生 ； Ventilation systems ； Performance evaluation ； Occupational hygiene

勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊

32卷3期（2024 / 09 / 20）

46 - 58

繁體中文;英文

職業衛生的控制方法可從逸散源、暴露途徑及接收者等3方面著手，而通風設施是職業衛生中最常使用的控制方法之一，良好的通風設施可以達到移除作業環境產生的有害物、提高作業環境的舒適性、防止火災爆炸等目的。國內法令對於通風設施的規範分為設置、性能要求、維護管理3個部分，設置部分僅提到製造、處置、使用特定有害物時應設置通風設施；性能要求部分規定作業時應有效運轉，並要求有害物濃度不得超過容許濃度；維護管理部分則要求定期實施自動檢查。然而，國內並無相關規範針對通風系統有效性的測試方法及執行方式。為此，蒐集並彙整了國內外通風系統的法規、標準及指引，進一步探討了通風系統性能測試階段的相關標準及量測技術，以及性能評估的定性、定量測量指標，如煙流測試、風速、壓力及示蹤氣體量測等，並據此擬定通風系統實務手冊。在訪視事業單位時，除了瞭解通風系統的性能效果及操作維護情況外，也使用了擬定的實務手冊，結果顯示多數單位在通風系統各階段的執行上存在未執行或未落實的事項，例如未有合格專業人員進行設計，且未保存相關設計資料，導致後續試俥、定期測試及維護工作難以進行。作業環境通風系統管理技術手冊依據國內外法規、標準及事業單位的試行結果編制而成，旨在提供主管機關及事業單位參考，有助於提升事業單位對通風系統的瞭解和執行能力，確保通風系統能有效運轉，保障勞工的安全與健康。

Occupational health control methods can start from three aspects: emission sources, exposure routes and receivers. Ventilation facilities are one of the most commonly used control methods in occupational health. Good ventilation facilities can remove harmful emissions from the working environment. objects, improve the comfort of the working environment, and prevent fire and explosions. Domestic laws and regulations on ventilation facilities are divided into three parts: installation, performance requirements, and maintenance and management. The installation part only mentions that ventilation facilities should be installed when manufacturing, handling, and using specific hazardous substances; the performance requirements part stipulates that they should operate effectively during operations and It is required that the concentration of harmful substances shall not exceed the allowable concentration; the maintenance and management part requires regular automatic inspections. However, there are no relevant domestic standards for testing methods and implementation methods for the effectiveness of ventilation systems. To this end, we collected and compiled domestic and foreign regulations, standards and guidelines for ventilation systems, and further discussed relevant standards and measurement technologies in the performance testing stage of ventilation systems, as well as qualitative and quantitative measurement indicators for performance evaluation, such as smoke flow test, Wind speed, pressure and tracer gas measurement, etc., and draw up a ventilation system practice manual accordingly. When visiting public institutions, in addition to understanding the performance, effect and operation and maintenance of the ventilation system, the proposed practice manual was also used. The results showed that most institutions had unimplemented or unimplemented matters in the implementation of each stage of the ventilation system, such as There were no qualified professionals to carry out the design and no relevant design data was saved, making it difficult to carry out subsequent commissioning, regular testing and maintenance work. The Working Environment Ventilation System Management Technical Manual is compiled based on domestic and foreign regulations, standards and trial results of public institutions. It is intended to provide reference for competent authorities and public institutions, help improve public institutions' understanding and implementation capabilities of ventilation systems, and ensure ventilation The system can operate effectively to ensure the safety and health of workers.