各國勞動契約試用期間勞動權益探討

Discussion on Protection of the Probationary Period in Labor Contracts in Various Countries

簡慧茹(Hui- Ju Chien)；李玉春(Yue-Chune Lee)

試用期 ； 勞動契約 ； 勞動權益 ； Probationary period ； Trial period ； Labor contract ； Labor rights

勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊

32卷3期（2024 / 09 / 20）

110 - 121

繁體中文;英文

試用期間之約定、長短、勞動條件與契約終止等與勞工權益相關甚鉅，我國司法實務上，有關試用期間之解僱與資遣費等，亦為重要之爭議問題。為利於勞資爭議之解決，促使勞雇關係良性發展，試用期間之勞動法相關議題有深入研究之必要。本文歸納分析我國勞資雙方簽訂試用期間之問題及爭議等判決案例，並探討歐洲聯盟、英國、德國、日本、韓國與美國6個主要組織或國家有關試用期相關文獻，就試用期之法規範與法性質、雙方權利義務、試用期間之解僱等，分析比較各國法之異同及我國與外國之異同。本研究之研究結論就我國試用期制度現況進行彙整釐清，並參酌國際組織、區域與各國關於試用期之法制政策，分別就試用期之容許性、約定形式、長度與延長、年資、勞動條件與福利事項、契約終止及預告與資遣費幾點說明。

The agreement, length, labor conditions and contract termination of the probation period are closely related to labor rights and interests. In our country's judicial practice, dismissal and severance pay during the probation period are also important controversial issues. In order to facilitate the resolution of labor disputes and promote the healthy development of labor-employer relations, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on labor law-related issues during the probation period. This study summarizes and analyzes the judgment cases on issues and disputes between labor and employer in signing probation periods in our country, and discusses the relevant literature on probation periods in 6 major organizations or countries including the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, South Korea and the United States, and discusses the legal norms and standards of probation periods. The nature of the law, the rights and obligations of both parties, dismissal during the probation period, etc., analyze and compare the similarities and differences in the laws of various countries and the similarities and differences between our country and foreign countries. The research conclusions of this study summarize and clarify the current situation of probation period system in our country, and refer to the legal policies of international organizations, regions and countries on probation periods, respectively, on the admissibility, agreed form, length and extension, seniority, and Several explanations on labor conditions and welfare matters, contract termination and notice, and severance pay.