「你」之為另一個「它（牠）」－話語與關係中的太初液（異）化

You as (An)Other: The Primal Liquidation in Language and Relationship

10.6512/lnp.2016.04.01

宋文里(Wen-Li Soong)

敘說方法論 ； 現代漢語 ； 第二人稱代名詞「你」 ； 語法異變 ； 語言液化 ； narrative methodology ； modern Chinese ； 2-nd person pronoun 'you,' grammatical alienation ； liquidation of language

生命敘說與心理傳記學

4輯（2016 / 12 / 01）

1 - 19

繁體中文

「中/西對比」的難題與「古代漢語/現代漢語對比」的難題，實係為漢語中的第二人稱代名詞「你」的問題作了個「小題大作」的開場。但這個「你」同時也引發了一種「語言液（異）化問題」—從最根本之處，我們的話語關係中的主體不再被馬丁．布伯（Martin Buber）的「我—你」之論所保障。這難題可從一個當前的貓故事談起，問題也轉化為另一種互為主體的關係：人/獸之間的大化（話）世界。由於德希達（Derrida）的《（我）為獸，故我在》這部奇特的作品，作者將它拿來回應先前那個貓故事，然後衍生出從列維納斯（Lèvinas）的「他者．面貌」及德希達的「獸詞」到「人性」之間的進一步問題：可以用「獸詞」來講「生命故事」嗎？至此就回到漢語第二人稱代名詞的「你/妳」語法異變問題。這難解的問題也平行於「獸詞/鳥語」之間的另一種關係異變—同胞之間最鳥的事：人性的，不如獸性的。作者自知這已不是一篇文章可以談完的問題，也知道用一門學問都不足以道盡其妙，故以「來自他者的一封信：邁不出的步子如是」作為一個未解之結。

The contrasts of ＂Center(Chinese)/West＂ and ＂Ancient Chinese/Modern Chinese＂ are but a prolegomena to a real problem of the 2-nd person pronoun ＂you＂ in modern Chinese. The ＂you＂ has its liquidated form emerging from current Chinese use. This form, especially with gender differentiation, quite alien to all grammatical rules in the world, is treated in this essay as a symptom, yet not as a sickness per se. Martin Buber once use I-You to save the subjectivity of all human-being, but it is invalidated in this problematic modern language. Another contrast of ＂Humanity/Animality＂ is thus brought up from Derrida's suggestion ＂The Animal that I Am.＂ A story of Derrida and his pussycat finds its counterpart in my experience, but most problematic of all is the incomparableness of a cat's sex between the two cases. Derrida's invention of ＂Animot＂ is quite enlightening for a solution, though. Grammatical alienation is more real as nonsense in Chinese ＂bird-language,＂ when referring to human relations between Chinese people inhabiting across the Taiwan Strait. You and I speak the same language, however, the gap between the two sides is as deep as an abyss, and no one in the world seems to be seeing it as a solvable problem. I roam on the long winding road for a long, long time, only keep asking whether we are really in a situation of solving a grammatical problem or in a problemless state of being human, forgetting all what humanity has of itself the capability of building up relationships by sharing our language, our history, and our favorite food. How long shall we give a solution for the difficult situation, it depends on how we can go around the problem terrain, and let it be solved by itself, day after day.

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