實施教育券主要國家成效之研究

The Effects and Outcomes of School Voucher

10.6724/ERR.201408_(114).0009

秦夢群(Joseph Meng-Chun Chin)

教育券 ； 教育選擇權 ； educational voucher ； school choice

教育資料與研究

114期（2014 / 08 / 01）

265 - 292

繁體中文

教育券計畫乃是歷年來最受爭議之教育政策之一，其實施成效往往受人矚目。本文試從歷年國內外相關研究，綜合分析實施教育券計畫主要國家推行教育券計畫之後，所產生之實施成效與相關爭議。研究發現教育券可以部分提升低社經學生以成就測驗分數為主的學習成效，但是否產生一致性之正面影響，至今尚無定論。然而，多半研究指出參與教育券計畫的學生與家長，會具有較高的教育滿意度。此外，部分教育券計畫也能促進學生學業以外的成效，其中包括利他行為、繼續升學的意願、與對學校的滿意度等。至於教育市場引入教育券，是否能對一般公立學校帶來正向影響，則仍須未來進行追蹤研究。

School voucher plan has been one of the most controversial policies in the world educational systems. Relying on literature and researches in the United States and other countries, this study presents the empirical evidence of the effects and outcomes of voucher policy. Despite the claim of other studies that voucher leads to user's improvement satisfaction, my study shows no definitive conclusion on the effect of school voucher on students' performance or on the overall educational system. Additionally, study also points out that voucher beneficiaries may be influenced also by non academia such as altruist institutions would more likely to purchase further higher study. It is suggested that future study is needed for a better evaluation of voucher policy.

1. Greene, J. P., Howell, W. G., & Peterson, P. E. (1997). An evaluation of the Cleveland scholarship program (occasional paper). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Program on Education Policy and Governance..
2. Anand, P.,Mizala, A.,Repetto, A.(2009).Using school scholarships to estimate the effect of private education on the academic achievement of low income students in Chile.Economics of Education Review,28,370-381.
3. Angrist, J.,Bettinger, E.,Bloom, E.,King, E.,Kremer, M.(2002).The effects of school choice on students: Evidence from Columbia.American Economic Review,92(5),1535-1558.
4. Angrist, J.,Bettinger, E.,Kremer, M.(2006).Long-term educational consequences of secondary school vouchers: Evidence from administrative records in Columbia.American Economic Review,96(3),847-862.
5. Belfield, C.(2006).,New York:Queens College.
6. Berends, M.,Springer, M. G.,Ballou, D.,Walberg, H. J.(2009).Handbook of research on school choice.New York:Routledge.
7. Bettinger, E.,Slonim, R.(2006).Using experimental economics to measure the effects of a natural education experiment on altruism.Journal of Public Economics,91(1),1645-1648.
8. Björklund, A.,Clark, M.,Edin, P.,Fredriksson, P.,Krueger, A.(2005).The market comes to education in Sweden: An evaluation of Sweden's surprising school reforms.New York:Russel Sage Foundation.
9. Böhlmark, A.,Lindahl, M.(2012).,Uppsala, Sweden:The Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
10. Brennan, D. L.(2002).Victory for kids: The Cleveland School Voucher case.Beverley Hills, CA:New Millennium Press.
11. Brighouse, H.(2000).School choice and social justice.Oxford, England:Oxford University Press.
12. Carl, J.(2011).Freedom of choice: Vouchers in America education.Santa Barbara, CA:Praeger.
13. Carnoy, M.(1998).National voucher plans in Chile and Sweden: Did privatization reforms make for better education?.Comparative Education Review,42(3),309-337.
14. Carnoy, M.(2001).,Washington DC:Economic Policy Institute.
15. Carnoy, M.(1997).Is privatization through education vouchers really the answer? A comment on west.The World Bank Research Observer,12(1),105-116.
16. Chakrabarti, R.(2005).Impact of voucher design on public school performance: Evidence from Florida and Milwaukee voucher programs.New York:Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
17. Chakrabarti, R.(2008).Can increasing private school participation and monetary loss in a voucher program affect public school performance? Evidence from Milwaukee.Journal of Public Economics,92(5),1371-1393.
18. Chakrabarti, R.(2013).Do vouchers lead to sorting under random private school selection? Evidence from the Milwaukee Voucher Program.Economics of Education Review,34,191-218.
19. Chiang, H.(2007).How accountability pressure on failing schools affects student achievement.Journal of Public Economics,93(9),1045-1057.
20. Chubb, J. E.,Moe, T. M.(1990).Politics, markets, and America's schools.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution.
21. Clowes, G. A.(2008).With the right design, vouchers can reform public schools: Lessons from the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program.Journal of School Choice,2(4),367-391.
22. Coons, J. E.,Sugarman, S. D.(1970).Education by choice.Berkeley:University of California Press.
23. Feinberg, W.(Ed.),Lubienski, C.(Ed.)(2008).School choice policies and outcomes: Empirical and philosophical perspectives.Albany:State University of New York Press.
24. Figlio, D.,Rouse, C.(2006).Do accountability and voucher threats improve low-performing schools?.Journal of Public Economics,90(1),239-255.
25. Figlio, D.,Rouse, C.,Schlosser, A.(2007).Leaving no child behind: Two paths to school accountability,Princeton, NJ:
26. Friedman, M.(1962).Capitalism and freedom.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
27. Gallego, F.(2005).Voucher-school competition, incentives, and outcomes.Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
28. Gill, B.,Timpane, P. M.,Ross, K. E.,Brewer, D. J.,Booker, K.(2007).Rhetoric versus reality: What we know and what we need to know about vouchers and charter schools.Santa Monica, CA:RAND.
29. Greene, J.,Winters, M.(2003).When schools compete: The effects of vouchers on Florida public school achievement.Manhattan, NY:Manhattan Institute.
30. Himmler, O.(2007).,Gottingen:Georg-August University.
31. Howell, W. G.,Wolf, P. J.,Campbell, D. E.,Peterson, P. E.(2002).School vouchers and academic performance: Results from three randomized field trials.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,21(2),191-217.
32. Hoxby, C.(2003).School choice and school competition: Evidence from the United States.Swedish Economic Policy Review,10,9-65.
33. Hsieh, C.,Urquiola, M.(2006).The effects of generalized school choice on achievement and stratification evidence from Chile's voucher program.Journal of Public Economics,90(4),1477-1503.
34. Jencks, C.(1970).Educational vouchers: A report financing education by payment to parents.Cambridge, MA:Center for the Study of the Public Policy.
35. Jencks, C.(1988).Whom must we treat equally for educational opportunity to be equal?.Ethics,98,518-533.
36. Krueger, A. B.,Zhu, P.(2004).Another look at the New York City school voucher experiment.American Behavioral Scientist,47(5),658-698.
37. Ladd, H.(2003).Comments on Caroline M. Hoxby.Swedish Economic Policy Review,10,66-79.
38. Ladd, H. F.(Ed.)(1996).Holding schools accountable: Performance-based reform in education.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution.
39. McEwan, P. J.(2001).The effectiveness of public, catholic, and non-religious private schools in Chile's voucher system.Education Economics,9,130-128.
40. McEwan, P.,Carnoy, M.(2000).The effectiveness and efficiency of private schools in Chile's voucher system.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,22(3),213-239.
41. McMurtry, J.(1991).Education and market model.Journal of Philosophy of Education,25(2),209-217.
42. Metcalf, K.(1999).Evaluation of the Cleveland scholarship and tutoring grant program 1996-1999.Bloomington, IN:Indiana University, Smith Research Center.
43. Metcalf, K.,West, S.,Legan, N.,Paul, K.,Boone, W.(2003).,Bloomington:Indiana University.
44. Moe, T. M.(1995).Private vouchers.Stanford, CA:Hoover Institution Press.
45. Parry, T. R.(1996).Will pursuit of higher quality sacrifice equal opportunity in education? An analysis of the educational voucher system in Santiago.Social Science Quarterly,77(4),821-841.
46. Patrinos, H. M.(2002).NCSPE Occasional Paper No.59NCSPE Occasional Paper No.59,New York:Teachers College, Columbia University.
47. Peterson, P. E.(1995).,Cambridge, MA:Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies..
48. Rouse, C. E.(1998).Private school vouchers and student achievement: An evaluation of the Milwaukee parental choice program.Quarterly Journal of Economics,113,553-602.
49. Rouse, C.,Hannaway, J.,Goldhaber, D.,Figlio, D.(2007).Feeling the Florida heat? How low-performing schools respond to voucher and accountability pressure.American Economic Journal,5(2),251-281.
50. Sandström, F. M.,Bergström, F.(2006).School vouchers in practice: Competition won't hurt you.Journal of Public Economic,89(2),351-380.
51. Sapelli, C.(2005).The Chilean education voucher system.What America can learn from school choice in other countries,Washington, DC:
52. Sapelli, C.,Vial, B.(2003).Peer effects and relative performance of voucher schools in Chile.Institute of Economics. Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
53. Sizer, T.,Whitten, P.(1968).A proposal for a poor children's bill of rights.Psychology Today,August,59-63.
54. Walberg, H. J.(2007).School choice: The findings.Washington, DC:CATO Institute.
55. Walford, G.(2000).NCSPE Occasional Paper No.8NCSPE Occasional Paper No.8,New York:Teachers College, Columbia University.
56. Weiler, D.(1974).A public school voucher demonstration: The first year at Alum Rock.Santa Monica:Rand Corporation.
57. Witte, J. F.(1997).Achievement effects of the Milwaukee voucher program.American Economics Association annual meeting,New Orleans, LA:
58. World Bank(2006).,Washington, DC:World Bank.

1. 謝糧蔚(2023)。瑞典「自主學校」之發展及其對臺灣實驗學校經營之啟示。學校行政，146，189-201。