無人飛行載具發展現況與未來趨勢

10.6653/MoCICHE.201806_45(3).0004

楊明德；蔡慧萍

土木水利

45卷3期（2018 / 06 / 01）

23 - 29

繁體中文

無人飛行載具（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV）最初於1970年代由美國國防部發展使用於軍事用途，簡單定義為沒有搭載飛行員的航空器。UAV之機動性高，且產製之影像較傳統衛星影像和航空攝影有更高之地面解析度（Ground Sampling Distance, GSD）。近年來民用UAV（Civil UAV）的發展隨著相關核心技術的開發，低成本製作技術的研發，飛行安全性的提升，民用UAV日漸普及且運用領域愈來愈廣，商業應用效益也愈來愈高。根據美國聯邦航空總署（Federal Aviation Administration，FAA）預估，2020年美國無人飛行載具將有約700萬部；而2022年時，在美國領空執行任務的商用無人飛行載具數量將上看45萬架（US FAA, 2018）。目前UAV之操作已由早期人工於地面手動操作，進步到可於UAV上搭載微型飛行控制電腦，同時整合全球定位系統（Global Positioning System，GPS）、慣性測量單元（Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU）和地面控制站或控制器等，透過無線通訊系統進行半自動或全自動導航飛行，此整合的UAV飛行系統由美國FAA稱之為無人航空系統（Unmanned Aerial System，UAS）。

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