莫拉克颱風災後十年之重建成果及省思（四）－強化未來抗災韌性之重建

Reconstruction after Typhoon Morakot: Achievements and Reflection on Its 10th Anniversary (IV) - Reconstruction for Building Resilience to Future Disaster

10.6653/MoCICHE.201906_46(3).0004

陳振川(Jenn-Chuan Chern)

土木水利

46卷3期（2019 / 06 / 01）

39 - 45

繁體中文

莫拉克颱風侵襲台灣造成百年之複合型災害，其破紀錄暴雨規模造成南部地區環境破壞、基礎建設及建築物重大損害及人民生命財產損失，也因救災空前困難造成媒體民眾對於政府救災不力之抱怨及內閣之改組。於救災同時，政府成立行政院莫拉克災後重建推動委員會，本於一面加速災民安置，一面和時間賽跑，防災與重建併行，避免二次災害。災後，政府體念政府組織能力及經驗、尚恐無法達成有效之防救災工作，遂進行災害防救法之修訂，同時持續強化軟硬體設備。在推動重建工作兩年後，馬前總統回顧檢討指出「預防不足、救災吃力、安置快速、重建妥速」為結語，並提出「料敵從寬、禦敵從嚴、超前部署、預置兵力、隨時防救」要領，並強調「防災重於救災、離災重於防災」以及做好「中央與地方政府攜手合作」。在過去十年，民間團體力量精進，政府與民間協力構建了防災重建之「社會管理系統」，防災能力大幅提升，以「防災永續為主軸之重建來強化未來抗災韌性」，積極面對未來之颱風豪雨挑戰。在災後重建方面，建議政府應成立統籌之正式組織及體系，加強結合政府相關單位與民間團體之職能，擬備改策定期演練，累積經驗，並能於災後迅速啟動運作。

Typhoon Morakot created a once-in-a-century, compound disaster in Taiwan when the record-breaking rainfall it brought devastated the environment and fundamental infrastructure in southern Taiwan, resulting in great loss of life and properties. As the relief work was incredibly difficult, complaints from the victims and the media also mounted up, criticizing the government for its inefficiency and ineffectiveness, which eventually led to a cabinet reshuffle. While the government was busy offering disaster relief, the Morakot Post-Disaster Reconstruction Council was also established under the Executive Yuan in order to relocate the victims, carry out reconstruction work and prevent any further damage at the same time. Aware of the fact that current government system didn't have the ability and experience to offer proper relief and succeed in the prevention of another huge disaster like this one, the government amended the ＂Disaster Prevention and Protection Act＂ and upgraded public facilities and software. In 2010, two years after the disaster, former President Ma Ying-Jeou reflected on the post-disaster process, concluding that ＂insufficient prevention effort made the disaster relief extremely difficult. Fortunately, the victims were rapidly relocated and the reconstruction was executed with efficiency and circumspection.＂ Moreover, he pointed out that ＂when it comes to fighting enemies, we must anticipate the worst, and prepare for the worst. We should be ready in advance, with troops prepared in advance for prevention and relief at any time,＂ and emphasized that ＂disaster prevention is more important than relief, and evacuation of victims is more important than disaster prevention.＂ What's equally noteworthy is ＂good collaboration between the central and local governments.＂ During the past 10 years, as the abilities of private sectors improved, the government has worked with them to build a preliminary structure of ＂social management system,＂ enabling Taiwan to be more capable of prevent future disasters. In addition, the government ＂takes disaster prevention and sustainable development as its main goals in order to make Taiwan more resilient to any upcoming disasters.＂ Pursuing these goals has helped us survive many strong typhoons and heavy rainfalls in subsequent years. With regard to post-disaster reconstruction work, the suggestion will be for the government to set up an official department and system in order to achieve better integration of the skills of both the state and private sectors. Regular drills should also be scheduled in order to gain relevant experience and ensure that the operation of post-disaster relief and reconstruction can be carried out effectively.

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