氣候變遷下的空氣污染分布：地理人工智慧技術之應用

10.6653/MoCICHE.202302_50(1).0004

吳治達；曾于庭

土木水利

50卷1期（2023 / 02 / 01）

16 - 23

繁體中文

工業化的過程中所排放的溫室氣體不僅會增強全球暖化，石化燃料燃燒所產生的空氣污染亦會嚴重衝擊人類健康，因此正確的估計國人在氣候變遷影響下之空氣污染暴露情形，實為當前環保單位的重要挑戰。受限於現有空氣品質監測站空間分布不均、數量不足等問題，我們需要一個更有效、更快速、更準確的模擬方法，以正確評估都市居民每個人的空氣污染暴露程度。近年來結合衛星、航照、無人機影像及地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System, GIS）等空間資訊技術（Geo-Spatial Technologies）以獲取環境監測樣本，並搭配機械學習（Machine Learning）及集成學習（Ensemble Learning）等人工智慧（Artificial Intelligence, AI）演算法進行高準確度推估模型擬合之「地理人工智慧（Geo-AI）」技術，已逐漸成為當代空氣污染模擬的主流方法學。基於此，本文綜整近年來有關Geo-AI在空氣污染模擬上的研究成果及應用案例，依據使用的空間推估模型方法學，分為：（1）空間內插（Spatial Interpolation）；（2）土地利用迴歸（Land-use Regression, LUR）；（3）機械學習與集成學習；（4）新興空間資訊科技之應用等四個面向進行介紹。本文之統整成果可做為未來在評估氣候變遷影響下都市防災與空氣污染影響之重要佐參。

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