結合遙測技術與3D視覺化的山區洪水災害模擬

Mountain Flash Flood Simulation Using Remote Sensing and 3D Visualization Technologies

10.6653/MoCICHE.202310_50(5).0009

楊鈞宏；陳偉柏；李士強；張子瑩；蘇文瑞

閃洪 ； 作業化預警模組 ； 數值模式 ； 無人航空載具 ； Flash flood ； Operational forecasting system ； Numerical model ； Unmanned Aerial System

土木水利

50卷5期（2023 / 10 / 01）

58 - 64

繁體中文;英文

臺灣經常遭遇颱風、地震和山區滑坡等天然災害，因應氣候變遷的影響，山區在洪水事件中面臨著日益嚴峻的挑戰。2009年莫拉克風災事件中高屏溪支流荖濃溪，是受創最嚴重的地區之一，2021年盧碧颱風降為熱帶性低氣壓後之豪雨使玉穗溪土石流爆發，將2017年完工通車位於荖濃溪上游的明霸克露橋沖毀，該事件因洪水與土石流沖斷多處聯外道路，許多部落與知名風景區（不老溫泉、茂林國家風景區、寶來溫泉與六龜風景區等）受創嚴重，為避免相同憾事發生，洪災前的預警便顯得極為重要。近年來，隨著無人航空載具（Unmanned Aerial System, UAS）技術和三維地理資訊系統（3D Geographic Information System, 3D GIS）的快速發展，為山區洪水模擬和預警帶來了新的契機。有鑑於此，國家災害防救科技中心（以下簡稱災防科技中心）以智慧災防為目標，運用網路服務、三維地理資訊等技術，打造防災整備及應變決策的「山區閃洪災害熱點三維預警展示系統」。系統採用之數據由災防科技中心坡洪組開發的山區洪氾預警系統所產出，此系統由氣象局天氣預報模式、降雨逕流模式及水動力模式所建構而成，產出空間解析度為1.25公里，預報未來72小時水動力河道模擬。本次研究區域為荖濃溪沿岸的高雄市桃源區勤和部落，並透過無人機空拍資料建置3D河道及聚落地形模型並結合水動力情境展示。透過三維空間圖台以視覺化技術將多維度及即時性的資料進行整合模擬展示，將有助於提升人員判斷防救災應變之決策能力。

Taiwan frequently experiences natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, and mountainous landslides. Moreover, due to the impact of climate change, mountainous areas face increasingly severe challenges during flood events. For instance, in 2009, Typhoon Morakot, and in 2021, Typhoon Lupit, both caused severe damage to the Laonung River, a tributary of the Gaoping River, leading to the destruction of the "Minbaklu Bridge." These events also inflicted significant harm on numerous scenic areas. Therefore, flood disaster warnings take precedence over other types of disasters. In recent years, opportunities have emerged through technological advancements, including Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Three-Dimensional Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS). The National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) is dedicated to disaster prevention through means such as web services and Three-Dimensional Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS), with the goal of developing the "Mountainous Flash Flood Disaster Early Warning System." The NCDR has created an Operational Forecasting System (OFS) by integrating atmospheric, hydrological, and hydrodynamic models. This system provides a spatial resolution of 1.25 kilometers and forecasts hydrodynamic river channel simulations for the next 72 hours. The research utilizes high-density and high-accuracy UAV DEM data to simulate rapid water level rises and flooding resulting from intense rainfall within the Laonung River watershed in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. The integration of three-dimensional spatial technology with real-time data simulation in this study contributes to improved decision-making accuracy and resilience.

1. Borga, M.,Gaume, E.,Creutin, J.D.,Marchi, L.(2018).Surveying flash flood response: gauging the ungauged extremes.Hydrol Process,22(18),3883-3885.
2. Borga, M.,Gaume, E.,Creutin, J.D.,Marchi, L.(2008).Surveying flash flood response: gauging the ungauged extremes.Hydrol Process,22(18),3883-3885.
3. Borga, M.,Stoffel, M.,Marchi, L.,Marra, F.,Jakob, M.(2014).Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: flash floods and debris flows.J Hydrol,518,194-205.
4. Caviedes-Voullieme, D.,Morales-Hernandez, M.,Lopez-Marijuan, I.,García-Navarro, P.(2014).Reconstruction of 2D river beds by appropriate interpolation of 1D cross-sectional information for flood simulation.Environ. Model. Softw,61,206-228.
5. Cook, A.,Merwade, V.(2009).Effect of topographic data, geometric configuration and modeling approach on flood inundation mapping.J. Hydrol,377,131-142.
6. Faisal.,Khan, H. A. H.(2017).Application of gis and remote sensing in disaster management: A critical review of flood management.Proceedings, International Conference on Disaster Risk Mitigation
7. Horritt, M.S.,Bates, P.D.(2001).Effects of spatial resolution on a raster based model of flood flow.J. Hydrol,253,239-249.
8. Horritt, M.S.,Bates, P.D.,Mattinson, M.J.(2006).Effects of mesh resolution and topographic representation in 2D finite volume models of shallow water fluvial flow.J. Hydrol,329,306-314.
9. 施錦揮,游政恭,鄒慶敏,蔡季欣,林志清,林燕山(2010)。無人飛行載具應用於防救災圖資供應之研究─以北二高崩塌地為例。台灣水利季刊，62(2)，35-49。
10. 國立自然科學博物館（2000），台灣地景 – 地理環境 – 南台灣海岸地貌，http://digimuse.nmns.edu.tw/taiwanlandform2/01_south/pageB/pageB_14_280.html。
11. 劉丹,梁濤,田銀枝,曹紅杰(2014)。無人機航測技術在長江航道整治工程中的應用。地理信息世界，21(4)，59-63。
12. 劉哲欣,李士強,郭文達,江申,魏曉萍,葉森海,施虹如,梁庭語,陳偉柏,張志新(2022)。國家災害防救科技中心技術報告國家災害防救科技中心技術報告,未出版